TABLE 4.

Effects of beta-carotene supplements vs. placebo or no intervention on cause-specific mortality.

Mortality cause	No. of trials	Risk ratio (95% CI)	I2 (%)	Model used
Cancer	13	0.98 (0.90, 1.07)	37.0	Random effects
Colorectal cancer	2	0.97 (0.68, 1.38)	0.0	Random effects
Esophagus and stomach cancer	2	0.93 (0.82, 1.06)	0.0	Random effects
Prostate cancer	3	0.93 (0.73, 1.18)	0.0	Random effects
Lung cancer	5	1.14 (1.02, 1.27)*	3.0	Random effects
Lung cancer in smokers	2	1.14 (1.03, 1.27)*	0.0	Random effects
Lung cancer in mixed smokers and non-smokers	3	0.94 (0.74, 1.20)	0.0	Random effects
Urinary tract cancer	2	0.82 (0.55, 1.21)	0.0	Random effects
Pancreatic cancer	2	0.85 (0.62, 1.16)	0.0	Random effects
Other cancer	6	0.86 (0.70, 1.06)	0.0	Random effects
Cardiovascular disease	12	1.04 (0.98, 1.11)	0.0	Random effects
Cerebrovascular disease	5	0.94 (0.82, 1.06)	0.0	Random effects
HIV-related causes	2	0.55 (0.33, 0.92)*	0.0	Random effects
Non-cancer, non-vascular cause	5	1.04 (0.95, 1.14)	0.0	Random effects

*Statistically significant.