TABLE 1.

Expression of HERV families in cancers.

HERV family	Cancer type
HERV-E	Clear cell kidney cancer (Cherkasova et al., 2011), breast cancer (Frank et al., 2008)
HERV-F	Soft tissue sarcoma (Giebler et al., 2018), breast cancer (Frank et al., 2008)
HERV-H	Gastrointestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (Yuan et al., 2021), colon cancer (Liang et al., 2009a,b, 2012; Li et al., 2012), lung cancer (Zare et al., 2018), breast cancer (Rhyu et al., 2014)
HERV-K	Breast cancer (Wang-Johanning et al., 2003), soft tissue sarcoma (Giebler et al., 2018), melanoma (Singh et al., 2013, 2020), germ cell tumor (Chan et al., 2019), leukemia (Chen et al., 2013), colon cancer (Dolci et al., 2020a,b), Hodgkin lymphoma (Barth et al., 2019), lung cancer (Zare et al., 2018)
HERV-P	Lung cancer (Zare et al., 2018), breast cancer (Tavakolian et al., 2019), primary cutaneous t-cell lymphomas (Bergallo et al., 2018)
HERV-R	Colon cancer (Dolci et al., 2020a), lung cancer (Zare et al., 2018), breast cancer (Rhyu et al., 2014), ovarian cancer (Jeon et al., 2020), primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (Bergallo et al., 2018)
HERV-W	Endometrial (Strissel et al., 2012), testicular cancer (Gimenez et al., 2010), germ cell tumors (Benesova et al., 2017), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (Li et al., 2019), endometrial carcinoma (Liu et al., 2019)
HERV-FRD	Seminomas (Benesova et al., 2017), glioblastoma (Diaz-Carballo et al., 2017)
HEMO	breast cancer and ovarian cancer (Heidmann et al., 2017), endometrial cancer (Kasperek et al., 2021)