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. 2022 Jun 7;9:uhac124. doi: 10.1093/hr/uhac124

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nanjing Agricultural University

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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(A) Circular Manhattan plots (left), and (B) quantile-quantile plots (right) of association analysis using the MArray dataset and MLMM (Q + K) model for chlorophyll fluorescence related traits from centre to the outside of plot including; (a) DI₀/RC_DSI21, (b) F_V/F₀_WS21, (c) φ_Do_DSI21, (d) TR₀/RC_WS21, and (e) PC3_WR22. The outermost circle shows SNP density in 1 Mb windows for each chromosome where green to red indicates low to high marker density. Black bold line (Y-axis) represents –Log10 P-value. The circles of red dashed lines represent the Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold. Red stars indicate genome-wide significantly associated SNPs. For QQ plots, X-axis represents expected − log₁₀ (p-value) and Y-axis is observed − log₁₀ (p-value) of each SNPs. Water-stress: WS, water-recovery: WR, drought stress index: DSI. 21: severe drought stress in the second year and 22: recovery condition in the second year.