. 2022 Jul 28;15:1917–1929. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S366939

Table 4.

Results of Multi-Level Linear Regression Analysis

Variables	Inclusion of Leader in Self						Taking Charge
	Model 1a		Model 1b		Model 1c		Model 2a		Model 2b		Model 2c
	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE
1. Leader’s gender	0.03	0.15	0.01	0.14	−0.07	0.13	−0.16	0.10	−0.17	0.10	−0.17	0.09
2. Leader’s age	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.01	−0.01	0.01	−0.03**	0.01	−0.03**	0.01	−0.03**	0.01
3. Follower’s gender	0.12	0.15	0.20	0.14	0.13	0.13	0.24*	0.10	0.28**	0.10	0.24*	0.10
4. Follower’s age	−0.01	0.01	−0.02	0.01	−0.01	0.01	−0.03**	0.01	−0.04**	0.01	−0.03**	0.01
5. Tenure with leader (years)	−0.01	0.03	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.05*	0.02	0.06**	0.02	0.06**	0.02
6. Visionary leadership			0.51**	0.08	0.22*	0.09			0.26**	0.06	0.17**	0.06
7. Inclusion of leader in self											0.17**	0.05
8. Future orientation					0.33**	0.07
9. Visionary leadership * future orientation					0.18**	0.05
R²	0.02		0.17**		0.28**		0.16**		0.23**		0.27**
∆R²			0.15**		0.12**				0.07**		0.04**

Note: N = 234. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; Δ, adjusted R².