Table 6.

Effect of dietary supplementation with BHBA acid and age on serum antioxidant capacity and kidney function of early-weaned goat kids.

Item	Treatment	UA, μmol/L	CRE, mmol/L	TAOC, U/mL	GSH, U/mL	SOD, U/mL	MDA, nmol/mL
Age
60 d	CON	10.1	16.0	11.0bc	7.72ab	123.2bc	4.78ab
	LD	14.1	21.7	11.2bc	7.61bc	127.8b	4.55bc
	MD	11.6	17.9	11.2bc	7.69ab	124.8bc	4.74ab
	HD	13.4	17.7	11.2bc	7.80ab	123.8bc	4.77ab
90 d	CON	14.9	19.4	12.3a	6.94c	144.1a	3.88c
	LD	11.6	20.1	12.1a	7.06bc	143.0a	3.92c
	MD	8.27	26.7	11.7ab	7.32bc	131.6ab	4.35bc
	HD	11.0	24.2	10.8c	8.31a	111.7c	5.24a
Pooled SEM		2.98	2.53	0.18	0.150	3.01	0.150
Age	60 d	12.3	18.3b	11.2	7.68	124.9	4.71
	90 d	11.4	22.6a	11.7	7.41	132.6	4.34
Pooled SEM		1.51	1.27	0.09	0.070	1.53	0.080
Treatment	CON	12.5	17.7	11.7	7.33	133.7	4.33
	LD	12.8	20.9	11.6	7.34	135.4	4.23
	MD	9.94	22.3	11.5	7.50	128.2	4.54
	HD	12.3	20.9	11.0	8.00	117.8	5.01
SEM		2.13	1.79	0.13	0.110	2.16	0.110
P-value
Age		0.69	0.02	<0.01	0.01	<0.01	<0.01
Treatment		0.77	0.31	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
Age × Treatment		0.50	0.22	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01

BHBA = β-hydroxybutyric acid; UA = uric acid; CRE = creatinine; TAOC = total antioxidant capacity; GSH = glutathione peroxidase; SOD = superoxide dismutase; MDA = malondialdehyde; CON = control; LD = low dose (3 g/d per animal BHBA); MD = medium dose (6 g/d per animal BHBA); HD = high dose (9 g/d per animal BHBA); SEM = the standard error of the means.

^a,b,c Means with different superscripts within the same column differ significantly (P < 0.05).