Table 1.
Participant characteristics at study baseline (T = 0, survey data 2018–2019 merged with health insurance data 2017–2019, United States, N = 1209)
| Baseline characteristic | n | Statistic |
|---|---|---|
| Gender, % | ||
| Women | 1021 | 84.45 |
| Men | 188 | 15.55 |
| Age—mean (SD) | 43.52 (10.4) | |
| Age, % | ||
| Below 30 | 143 | 11.83 |
| 31–40 | 362 | 29.94 |
| 41–50 | 350 | 28.95 |
| Above 50 | 354 | 29.28 |
| Race, % | ||
| White | 898 | 74.28 |
| Black or African American | 147 | 12.16 |
| Hispanic/Latino | 81 | 6.70 |
| Asian | 61 | 5.05 |
| Other | 22 | 1.81 |
| Marital status (married), % | ||
| Married | 744 | 62.47 |
| Single, never married | 193 | 16.20 |
| Divorced | 120 | 10.08 |
| Non-married partner | 103 | 8.65 |
| Widowed | 16 | 1.34 |
| Separated | 15 | 1.26 |
| Education, % | ||
| High school | 93 | 7.78 |
| Some college but no degree | 270 | 22.58 |
| Associate degree | 167 | 13.96 |
| Bachelor’s degree | 418 | 34.95 |
| Graduate school or higher | 248 | 20.74 |
| Having children under the age of 18 currently living in the household, % | ||
| Yes | 574 | 48.11 |
| No | 619 | 51.89 |
| Being a primary caregiver for a parent or an elderly currently living in the household, % | ||
| Yes | 325 | 27.17 |
| No | 871 | 72.83 |
| Home ownership, % of yes | ||
| Yes | 330 | 72.36 |
| No | 864 | 27.64 |
| Salary (USD)—mean (SD) | 1209 | 73,117 (34,259) |
| Voting in the previous elections, % of yes | ||
| Yes | 980 | 81.94 |
| No | 216 | 18.06 |
| Religious service attendance, % | ||
| At least once/week | 245 | 20.48 |
| Less than once/week | 615 | 51.42 |
| Never | 336 | 28.09 |
| Spiritual practicing, % | ||
| At least once/week | 633 | 61.15 |
| Less than once/week | 466 | 30.66 |
| Never | 98 | 8.19 |
| Volunteering, % | ||
| At least once/week | 757 | 9.72 |
| Less than once/week | 116 | 63.40 |
| Never | 321 | 26.88 |
| Participating in community groups, % | ||
| At least once/week | 121 | 18.49 |
| Less than once/week | 593 | 49.62 |
| Never | 381 | 31.88 |
| Participating in a medical plan, % | ||
| Yes | 1042 | 86.19 |
| No | 167 | 13.81 |
Adapted from “The role of financial conditions for physical and mental health. Evidence from a longitudinal survey and insurance claims data” by Bialowolski P, Weziak-Bialowolska D, Lee MT, Chen Y, VanderWeele TJ, McNeely E. (2021) Social Science & Medicine; 281:114,041. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114041). CC BY-NC-ND