Table 1.
Male predominance in TB/HIV-1 co-infection
| Type | Setting | Number | M/F ratio | p-val, HR or AHR* | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New TB incidence among HIV-1+ subjects | |||||
| Retrospective | South Africa | 2423 | 2.16 | <0.001 AHR | [16] |
| Prospective | South Africa | 2778 | 1.46 | <0.05 HR** | [17] |
| Retrospective | South Africa | 240 | 1.45 | NA | [18] |
| TB registries in a large region (with data on sex and HIV-1 status) | |||||
| Retrospective | Zimbabwe | 13,802 | 1.38 | p 0.017 | [19] |
| Retrospective | Ethiopia | 2252 | 1.19 | NA | [20] |
*
HR = hazard ratio, AHR = adjusted HR,
**
The AHR was 1.22 with p = 0.08.