Table 1.

Review Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria.

Review criteria	Inclusion	Exclusion
Patient population	Age ≥18 years old Indicated pathologies: Adjacent segment disease Degenerative disc disorders Degenerative scoliosis Low-grade spondylolisthesis Stenosis Group size ≥5 subjects	Age <18 Years Old Out-of-scope pathologies: Revision Surgery Tumors Trauma Infection High-grade spondylolisthesis Group size <5 subjects
Intervention	DLIF, LLIF, LIF, OLIF, or XLIF ± (stand-alone, PSF, and/or open decompression)	ALIF, AxiaLIF, PLIF, TLIF
Outcomes	Reported PROMs (VAS, ODI, SF-12/36), cross-sectional areas, vertebral angles, complications, revisions	Unreported outcomes
Level of evidence	I/II—RCT III—non-random trials IV—Case-Control/Cohort	Case reports Reviews
Publication types	English language Peer reviewed journal	Letters & abstracts Duplicate patient population studies Feasibility studies Radiologic diagnostic studies Cadaveric studies In Vitro studies Non-Human studies Non-English studies

Abbreviations: ALIF, anterior lumbar interbody fusion; AxiaLIF, axial interbody fusion (Baxano Surgical, Raleigh, NC, USA); DLIF, direct lateral interbody fusion (Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Memphis, TN, USA); LIF, lateral interbody fusion; LLIF, lateral lumbar interbody fusion; ODI, Oswestry disability index; OLIF, oblique lumbar interbody fusion (Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Memphis, TN, USA); PLIF, posterior lumbar interbody fusion; PLF, posterior lumbar fusion; PROMs, patient reported outcomes measurements; SF-12, short form-12; SF-36, short form-36; TLIF, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion; VAS, visual analog scale; XLIF, extreme lateral interbody fusion (NuVasive, San Diego, CA, USA).