Table 2.
Demographics of Included Studies.
| Study | Subjects | Levels | Age (years) | BMI (kg/m2) | F/U Period (Months) | Duration (minutes) | Blood loss (mL) | LOS (Days) | Female % | Smoker % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct | ||||||||||
| Attenello et al, 201816 | 13 | 37 | 68.0 | NR | 21.0 | NR | NR | NR | 84.6% | 0.0% |
| Lee et al, 201617 | 21 | 113 | 67.1 | NR | 15.9 | 680.0 | 2127.1 | 24.6 | 81.3% | NR |
| Lim et al, 201914 | 8 | 11 | 66.0 | NR | 6.0 | NR | NR | 6.0 | 50.0% | 0.0% |
| Total or pooled mean | 42 | 161 | 67.2 | - | 15.6 | 680.0 | 2127.1 | 19.5 | 76.3% | 0.0% |
| Standard deviation | - | - | 5.8 | - | 7.6 | - | - | 13.2 | 19.1% | 0.0% |
| Indirect | ||||||||||
| Ahmadian et al, 201310 | 31 | 31 | 61.5 | NR | 18.2 | NR | 94.0 | 3.5 | 71.0% | NR |
| Attenello et al, 201816 | 9 | 25 | 68.0 | NR | 24.0 | NR | NR | NR | 66.7% | 0.0% |
| Campbell et al, 20185 | 18 | 20 | 64.0 | 34.0 | 6.2 | 165.0 | 113.0 | NR | 61.0% | NR |
| Castellvi et al, 201411 | 44 | 117 | 66.0 | 29.4 | 12.0 | 410.0 | 217.0 | NR | 47.7% | NR |
| Fujibayashi et al, 201526 | 28 | 52 | 65.3 | NR | NR | 72.5 | 32.7 | NR | 64.3% | NR |
| Lee et al, 201617 | 11 | 59 | 67.1 | NR | 15.9 | 648.0 | 809.1 | 17.4 | 81.3% | NR |
| Lim et al, 201914 | 42 | 55 | 64.0 | NR | 6.0 | NR | NR | 3.0 | 60.0% | 16.7% |
| Lin et al, 20183 | 25 | 25 | 64.0 | 24.1 | 29.0 | 96.0 | 106.4 | 8.5 | 68.0% | 4.0% |
| Louie et al, 201828 | 25 | 100 | 61.9 | NR | 34.8 | 108.1 | 63.0 | 1.8 | 28.0% | 8.0% |
| Malham et al, 201613 | 40 | 40 | 58.5 | 28.3 | 34.1 | NR | NR | NR | 22.0% | 0.0% |
| Marchi et al, 201327 | 74 | 98 | 56.7 | 24.7 | 12.0 | 77.3 | 50.0 | NR | 64.9% | NR |
| Nemani et al, 20144 | 117 | 239 | 63.6 | 27.4 | 15.6 | 146.0 | 144.0 | NR | 70.9% | NR |
| Pereira et al, 201725 | 23 | 42 | 61.0 | NR | 12.0 | 222.0 | NR | 7.7 | 52.2% | 13.0% |
| Sato et al, 20171 | 20 | 20 | 69.0 | NR | 12.0 | NR | NR | NR | 55.0% | 10.0% |
| Scherman et al, 20192 | 50 | 84 | 68.2 | 29.0 | 25.2 | NR | NR | 6.9 | 62.0% | 10.0% |
| Total or pooled mean | 557 | 1008 | 63.1 | 27.5 | 17.6 | 173.1 | 173.1 | 5.8 | 59.2% | 8.5% |
| Standard deviation | - | - | 11.6 | 4.1 | 9.6 | 192.9 | 241.9 | 5.3 | 15.8% | 6.0% |
| P-value | - | - | .01* | - | .24 | - | - | .27 | .17 | .00* |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; F/U, follow-up; LOS, average length of stay; NR, not reported.
* Significant difference.