Fig. 1.

Volcano plots of single site CpG effect estimates for prenatal vitamin use in 1st month of pregnancy and −log₁₀(p-values). Percentages indicate proportion of CpG sites with p-value < 0.01 that have positive or negative effect estimate. Regression models were adjusted for sex, maternal age, gestational age, maternal education, ancestry PCs, laboratory batch, and estimated cell proportions