Table 1.
Distributions of maternal and fetal participant and sample characteristics for those with cord blood DNA methylation measures, split by maternal use of prenatal vitamins in month 1 of pregnancy
| MARBLES | EARLI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No use of prenatal vitamins month 1 | Use of prenatal vitamins month 1 | P-value | No use of prenatal vitamins month 1 | Use of prenatal vitamins month 1 | P-value | |
| N = 99 | N = 102 | N = 42 | N = 71 | |||
| Maternal education | ||||||
| No degree | 65 (65.7%) | 37 (36.3%) | < 0.001 | 24 (57.1%) | 22 (31.0%) | 0.01 |
| College degree | 34 (34.3%) | 65 (63.7%) | 18 (42.9%) | 49 (69.0%) | ||
| Maternal age at delivery (years) | 34.8 (4.95) | 34.0 (4.67) | 0.26 | 33.7 (4.48) | 33.1 (4.46) | 0.51 |
| Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI | 27.5 (6.92) | 27.9 (6.89) | 0.67 | 27.6 (6.54) | 27.6 (7.89) | 0.98 |
| Child race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 41 (41.4%) | 44 (43.1%) | 0.63 | 22 (52.4%) | 36 (50.7%) | 1.00 |
| Hispanic | 35 (35.4%) | 30 (29.4%) | 5 (11.9%) | 9 (12.7%) | ||
| Other/multiple | 23 (23.2%) | 28 (27.5%) | 15 (35.7%) | 26 (36.6%) | ||
| Child sex | ||||||
| Female | 37 (37.4%) | 43 (42.2%) | 0.58 | 25 (59.5%) | 29 (40.8%) | 0.08 |
| Male | 62 (62.6%) | 59 (57.8%) | 17 (40.5%) | 42 (59.2%) | ||
| Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 39.2 (1.15) | 39.1 (1.27) | 0.52 | 39.1 (1.49) | 39.5 (1.33) | 0.24 |
| Estimated cell proportion | ||||||
| CD8T | 4.11 (2.89) | 3.66 (2.75) | 0.26 | 3.51 (2.55) | 3.99 (3.00) | 0.37 |
| CD4T | 17.4 (6.08) | 17.8 (5.66) | 0.66 | 17.6 (8.36) | 17.1 (7.31) | 0.74 |
| Natural killer | 3.25 (2.90) | 3.05 (2.73) | 0.62 | 3.39 (2.48) | 3.71 (2.93) | 0.53 |
| B cell | 5.62 (2.88) | 5.36 (2.36) | 0.49 | 5.57 (2.75) | 5.68 (3.10) | 0.84 |
| Monocytes | 10.1 (3.58) | 9.55 (2.58) | 0.20 | 6.92 (3.20) | 7.38 (2.88) | 0.44 |
| Granulocytes | 54.7 (11.8) | 55.3 (9.29) | 0.68 | 56.7 (13.0) | 56.5 (12.0) | 0.95 |
| Nucleated RBC | 5.04 (6.90) | 5.49 (5.88) | 0.62 | 8.02 (6.81) | 6.87 (4.92) | 0.34 |
| Mean DNA methylation | ||||||
| Overall | 60.9 (0.91) | 60.9 (0.86) | 0.56 | 51.0 (0.63) | 50.9 (0.98) | 0.23 |
| Open sea | 76.7 (1.15) | 76.6 (1.11) | 0.64 | 74.0 (0.80) | 73.7 (1.33) | 0.17 |
| CpG shelf | 78.1 (1.07) | 78.0 (1.01) | 0.69 | 78.4 (0.88) | 78.2 (1.46) | 0.21 |
| CpG shore | 49.6 (0.83) | 49.5 (0.72) | 0.58 | 47.0 (0.65) | 46.8 (0.91) | 0.17 |
| CpG island | 18.0 (0.46) | 17.9 (0.27) | 0.12 | 19.5 (0.53) | 19.4 (0.66) | 0.80 |
| DNA methylation laboratory batch1 | ||||||
| 1 | 33 (33.3%) | 33 (32.4%) | 0.89 | 38 (90.5%) | 50 (70.4%) | 0.03 |
| 2 | 37 (37.4%) | 36 (35.3%) | 4 (9.52%) | 21 (29.6%) | ||
| 3 | 29 (29.3%) | 33 (32.4%) | ||||
1The EARLI and MARBLES samples were run separately. In MARBLES cord batch represents sample plate, in EARLI cord batch represents two different runs.
MARBLES Markers of Autism Risk—Learning Early Signs, EARLI Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation, RBC red blood cell