Table 2.
Distributions of maternal and fetal participant and sample characteristics for those with placenta DNA methylation measures, split by maternal use of prenatal vitamins in month 1 of pregnancy
| MARBLES | EARLI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No use of prenatal vitamins month 1 | Use of prenatal vitamins month 1 | P-value | No use of prenatal vitamins month 1 | Use of prenatal vitamins month 1 | P-value | |
| N = 37 | N = 33 | N = 35 | N = 53 | |||
| Maternal education | ||||||
| No degree | 21 (56.8%) | 10 (30.3%) | 0.05 | 17 (48.6%) | 19 (35.8%) | 0.33 |
| College degree | 16 (43.2%) | 23 (69.7%) | 18 (51.4%) | 34 (64.2%) | ||
| Maternal age at delivery (years) | 35.3 (5.16) | 35.1 (5.86) | 0.89 | 33.8 (4.46) | 33.5 (4.75) | 0.77 |
| Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI | 29.0 (8.21) | 26.4 (5.86) | 0.12 | 26.8 (5.90) | 27.9 (8.20) | 0.47 |
| Child race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 16 (43.2%) | 8 (24.2%) | 0.11 | 16 (45.7%) | 25 (47.2%) | 0.34 |
| Hispanic | 14 (37.8%) | 12 (36.4%) | 5 (14.3%) | 11 (20.8%) | ||
| Other/multiple | 7 (18.9%) | 13 (39.4%) | 14 (40.0%) | 17 (32.1%) | ||
| Child sex | ||||||
| Female | 17 (45.9%) | 7 (21.2%) | 0.05 | 18 (51.4%) | 17 (32.1%) | 0.11 |
| Male | 20 (54.1%) | 26 (78.8%) | 17 (48.6%) | 36 (67.9%) | ||
| Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 39.4 (1.14) | 39.2 (0.83) | 0.49 | 39.1 (1.59) | 39.4 (1.22) | 0.39 |
| Estimated cell proportion | ||||||
| Trophoblasts | 14.0 (7.55) | 15.2 (6.14) | 0.47 | 13.0 (6.04) | 14.4 (5.13) | 0.27 |
| Stromal | 9.06 (6.41) | 10.0 (6.26) | 0.52 | 10.3 (3.75) | 9.47 (3.51) | 0.31 |
| Hofbauer | 4.71 (2.22) | 4.24 (2.22) | 0.37 | 2.73 (1.45) | 2.77 (1.54) | 0.89 |
| Endothelial | 5.43 (2.22) | 7.25 (3.68) | 0.02 | 5.57 (2.45) | 6.05 (2.63) | 0.38 |
| nRBC | 0.80 (1.05) | 0.55 (1.02) | 0.32 | 1.24 (1.00) | 1.46 (2.11) | 0.51 |
| Syncytiotrophoblast | 66.0 (12.6) | 62.8 (9.74) | 0.23 | 67.1 (9.18) | 65.9 (8.63) | 0.51 |
| Mean DNA methylation | ||||||
| Overall | 53.3 (1.09) | 52.8 (1.12) | 0.05 | 45.0 (1.04) | 44.5 (1.15) | 0.03 |
| Open sea | 65.3 (1.41) | 64.7 (1.49) | 0.06 | 62.1 (1.17) | 61.6 (1.48) | 0.09 |
| CpG shelf | 69.2 (1.26) | 68.5 (1.50) | 0.06 | 68.4 (1.29) | 67.8 (1.61) | 0.11 |
| CpG shore | 45.5 (1.12) | 45.0 (1.09) | 0.06 | 42.7 (1.17) | 42.1 (1.14) | 0.02 |
| CpG island | 18.7 (0.69) | 18.6 (0.70) | 0.64 | 20.1 (1.00) | 19.6 (0.92) | 0.02 |
| DNA methylation laboratory batch1 | ||||||
| 1 | – | – | – | 32 (91.4%) | 46 (86.8%) | 0.73 |
| 2 | 3 (8.57%) | 7 (13.2%) | ||||
1The EARLI and MARBLES samples were run separately. In EARLI placenta batch represents two different runs, MARBLES placenta were measured in a single run on single plate