Table 3.

Correlations between self-management behaviors and demographics, clinical characteristics, self-efficacy and social support for participants (N = 140)

		Self-management behaviors
Variable	Mean (SD)	F/t	p	r	p
Gender		0.48	0.63
Male	65.28 (15.10)
Female	63.91 (14.80)
Education		14.28	< 0.001
(1) ≤ Elementary school	55.76 (15.59)
(2) Junior/Senior high school	66.77 (12.57)
(3) College or above	72.15 (11.89)
Post hoc test		(1) < (2), (3)
Other chronic diseases		2.37	0.019
No	68.90 (15.43)
Yes	62.42 (14.26)
Disease duration (years)				− 0.10	0.235
Disease severity (K-L GS)				− 0.28	0.001
Other chronic diseases		2.37	0.019
No	68.90 (15.43)
Yes	62.42 (14.26)
Taking analgesics		0.47	0.640
No	64.80 (15.57)
Yes	63.61 (13.96)
Physical therapy		-1.34	0.183
No	62.91 (15.75)
Yes	66.32 (13.24)
Intra-articular injection		0.15	0.882
No	64.89 (11.76)
Yes	64.22 (15.13)
Knee joint surgery		− 0.38	0.702
No	63.91 (15.92)
Yes	64.92 (12.80)
Age				− 0.23	0.007
BMI				− 0.15	0.084
Disease duration (years)				− 0.10	0.235
Disease severity (K-L GS)				− 0.28	0.001
Self-efficacy				0.446	< 0.001
Enacted support				0.438	< 0.001
Perceived social support				0.310	< 0.001

SD standard deviation, BMI Body Mass Index, K-L GS Kellgren-Lawrence Grading Scale