. 2022 Aug 2;22:635. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03331-w

Table 5.

Mediation analysis of self-management behaviors and enacted social support for participants (N = 140)

	Self-management behaviors						Self-efficacy
	Model 1			Model 3			Model 2
Variable	β	SE	p	β	SE	p	β	SE	p
Enacted social support	0.22	0.04	< 0.001	0.21	0.04	< 0.001	0.12	0.12	0.315
Self-efficacy				0.10	0.03	< 0.001
Gender	− 0.66	2.59	0.799	− 0.64	2.48	0.685	− 0.19	7.80	0.981
Age	− 0.10	0.12	0.379	− 0.05	0.11	0.489	− 0.47	0.35	0.176
K-L GS	-1.76	1.42	0.218	-1.17	1.37	0.408	-5.80	4.28	0.178
BMI	− 0.63	0.29	0.031	− 0.43	0.28	0.223	-1.93	0.87	0.028
Disease duration	− 0.20	0.20	0.324	− 0.12	0.19	0.990	− 0.70	0.59	0.239
Other diseases	− 0.83	2.58	0.749	− 0.50	2.47	0.885	-3.19	7.77	0.683
Education^a
Junior or Senior high school	8.01	2.53	0.002	6.37	2.46	0.011	16.02	7.62	0.037
College and above	9.37	3.57	0.010	7.25	3.46	0.038	20.67	10.73	0.056
		R² = 0.36			R² = 0.42			R² = 0.20
		F = 8.16	< 0.001		F = 9.40	< 0.001		F = 3.52	< 0.001
	Effect	SE	p	95% CI		%^b
Total effect	0.217	0.040	< 0.001	0.139	0.296	100
Direct effect	0.205	0.038	< 0.001	0.130	0.280	94.47
Indirect effect	0.012	0.013		− 0.013	0.040	5.53

Abbreviations: SE standard error, β Standardized coefficient, K-L GS Kellgren-Lawrence Grading Scale, BMI Body Mass Index, CI confidence interval

^a Reference: Elementary school

^bPercentage of effect/total effect