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. 2022 Aug 2;2:96. doi: 10.1038/s43856-022-00160-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Estimated impact of COVID-19 on weekly purchase rates of cigarettes; b Estimated impact of COVID-19 on weekly consumption of cigarettes; c Estimated impact of COVID-19 on weekly purchase rates of alcohol; d Estimated impact of COVID-19 on weekly consumption of alcohol. All panels include estimates first without and then with correcting for cigarette prices (estimates controlling price are indicated by “p” in parentheses). All coefficients are estimated with individual fixed effects and error terms clustered at the individual level. Error bars shows the 95% confidence interval. “All” N = 4042; “Non-smokers” N = 3059; “Smokers” N = 983; “Occasionals” N = 658; “Regulars” N = 325.