FIGURE 1.

Changes in viability of the first‐trimester trophoblast cell line (HTR8) under the influence of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)/antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) concentrations at different doses. Cell viability is shown as a percentage of the no treatment control. (A) HTR8 was incubated with no treatment or aPL at 10, 20, 30, 50 μg/ml for 12, 24, 48.72 h. (B) HTR8 was incubated with HCQ at 0, 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 μg/ml for 12, 24, 48.72 h. (C) HTR8 was incubated with no treatment or aPL plus HCQ. The two groups are APS (aPL at 20 μg/ml) plus HCQ (HCQ at 1 μg/ml), and APS + HCQ (aPL at 20 μg/ml plus HCQ at 10 μg/ml) for 12, 24, 48, 72 h. Data are from three independent experiments