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. 2022 Jul 19;16:937923. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.937923

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Copyright © 2022 Whitsitt, Koo, Celik, Evans, Weiland and Purcell.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Device implantation and stimulation influences the expression of thousands of genes in comparison to a sham procedure (craniotomy only). The volcano plot and table show differentially expressed genes between the craniotomy control and the two acute stimulation samples, with genes related to inflammatory cytokines and related signaling cascades upregulated by the device insertion and stimulation. LFCs are reported as the change in gene expression in the stimulated samples compared to the control samples. The table shows the top 25 most significant DE genes.