TABLE 3. Estimated and directly measured hepatitis B virus surface antigen seroprevalence and mother-to-child transmission rate, by World Health Organization region — select countries, worldwide, 2008–2021.
| Variable | Prevalence, (range), % |
|---|---|
|
WHO modeling estimates*
| |
|
HBsAg seroprevalence among children aged <5 yrs for 2019
| |
| Globally |
0.9 (0.7–1.6) |
|
Regions†
| |
| African |
2.5 (1.7–4.0) |
| Americas |
0.1 (<0.1–0.2) |
| Eastern Mediterranean |
0.8 (0.5–1.1) |
| European |
0.3 (0.1–0.5) |
| South-East Asia |
0.4 (0.3–1.0) |
| Western Pacific |
0.3 (0.2–0.5) |
|
Direct measurements§
| |
|
HBsAg seroprevalence among children (yrs)
| |
| Bangladesh (2011–2012)¶ |
0.05 (0.0–0.1) |
| Brunei (2011)** |
0.1 (NR) |
| Colombia (2019)†† |
0.0 (0.0–0.09) |
| Cook Islands (2012)** |
0.0 (NR) |
| Fiji (2008)** |
0.0 (NR) |
| Georgia (2021)§§ |
0.03 (0.0–0.19) |
| Niue (2015)** |
0.0 (NR) |
| Palau (2008)** |
0.0 (NR) |
| Samoa (2014)** |
0.09 (NR) |
| Spain (2015)¶¶ |
0.0 (NR) |
| Thailand (2014)*** |
0.1 (NR) |
|
HBV MTCT rate,††† % (yrs)
| |
| Japan (2014–2016)§§§ |
2.0 |
| United Kingdom (2014–2019)¶¶¶ | <0.5 |
Abbreviations: HBsAg = Hepatitis B virus surface antigen; HBV = hepatitis B virus; MTCT = mother-to-child transmission; NR = not reported; WHO = World Health Organization.
* https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-1253(18)30056-6
† https://www.who.int/countries
§ Methodologies for seroprevalence and MTCT rate data sources: disease modeling (WHO estimates), representative population-based serosurveys (Bangladesh, Brunei, Fiji, Georgia, Palau, Samoa, Spain, and Thailand), census surveys (Cook Islands and Niue), two-phase classification survey (Colombia), national survey of antenatal screening sites (Japan), analysis of routinely collected antenatal screening program data (United Kingdom).
¶ https://www.ajtmh.org/view/journals/tpmd/99/3/article-p764.xml
** https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789290616986
†† https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.13719
§§ https://ncdc.ge/#/pages/file/b08a70c2-44a1-4279-9d3b-6145dd98ea51
¶¶ https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7030a1
*** https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150499
††† HBV MTCT rate is the percentage of infants with chronic HBV infection among infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers.
§§§ https://doi.org/10.1002/ygh2.441
¶¶¶ National data submitted to the European Regional Hepatitis B Working Group, 2022.