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. 2022 Jul 15;13:896958. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.896958

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Copyright © 2022 Yang, Tang, Zhang and Liu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Take Moderna’s mRNA vaccine against the zika virus as an example. (A) The composition of mRNA:(1) cap:m7G (2) 5’UTR: Including Kozak consensus sequence (3) ORF: It consists of a signal peptide sequence and a sequence encoding PRM/M and E protein of zika virus, and 1-methyl-pseudo UTP is used instead of UTP (4) 3’UTR:3’UTR of human alpha globin (5) poly(A):30bp. (B) A schematic diagram of the process of encapsulating mRNA into LNPs. (C) Intramuscular injection and antigen presentation.