Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population.
| Variable | mGFR ≥ 90 mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 60 ≤ mGFR < 90 mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 30 ≤ mGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 | mGFR < 30 mL/min per 1.73 m2 | Overall | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size, | 5 | 15 | 11 | 22 | 53 | |
| Age (y) | 37.2 (13.7) | 42.8 (14.6) | 49.0 (13.7) | 56.4 (11.8) | 49.2 (13.6) | 0.112 |
| Female (%) | 4 (80.0) | 6 (40.0) | 2 (18.2) | 7 (31.8) | 19 (35.8) | 0.693 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.0 (1.1) | 22.7 (2.3) | 24.0 (2.1) | 23.3 (2.8) | 23.2 (2.5) | 0.283 |
| Diabetes prevalence (%) | 2 (40.0) | 6 (40.0) | 6 (54.5) | 9 (40.9)) | 23 (22.1) | 0.999 |
| Hypertension prevalence (%) | 2 (60.0) | 9 (60.0) | 8 (72.7) | 14 (63.6) | 33 (62.2) | 0.991 |
| Hyperuricemia prevalence (%) | 2 (40.0) | 2 (13.3) | 2 (18.2) | 5 (22.7) | 11 (20.7) | 0.987 |
| Uric acid-lowing medication use (%) | 2 (40.0) | 2 (13.3) | 2 (18.2) | 5 (22.7) | 11 (20.7) | 0.987 |
| Antihypertensive medication use (%) | 2 (60.0) | 9 (60.0) | 8 (72.7) | 14 (63.6) | 33 (62.2) | 0.991 |
| Glucose-lowering drug use (%) | 2 (40.0) | 6 (40.0) | 6 (54.5) | 9 (40.9)) | 23 (22.1) | 0.999 |
| Lipid-lowering medication use (%) | 1 (20.0) | 4 (26.7) | 7 (63.6) | 10 (45.4) | 22 (41.5) | 0.816 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 133.6 (19.4) | 138.9 (17.8) | 149.1 (16.3) | 142.2 (24.1) | 141.9 (20.5) | 0.348 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 86.9 (11.4) | 85.9 (13.1) | 88.9 (11.4) | 85.6 (11.6) | 86.9 (11.4) | 0.735 |
| Creatinine | 0.6 (0.1) | 1.4 (1.7) | 1.8 (0.7) | 5.8 (2.6) | 3.2 (2.9) | <0.001 |
| Cystatin C | 0.8 (0.1) | 1.3 (0.9) | 1.9 (0.6) | 3.9 (0.9) | 2.5 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| eGFRcr-cys (mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 115.4 (14.9) | 89.1 (26.4) | 49.2 (23.4) | 12.4 (7.9) | 51.5 (42.2) | <0.001 |
| mGFRcr-cys (mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 98.3 (7.5) | 73.8 (9.6) | 43.5 (8.8) | 14.2 (6.3) | 45.1 (31.2) |
Continuous measures are summarized as the mean ± standard deviation (SD), and categorical variables are given as percentages. Values for categorical variables are given as numbers (percentages). Abbreviations: BP: blood pressure; eGFRcr-cys: estimated glomerular filtration rate, calculated by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; mGFR: measured glomerular filtration rate. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP≧90 mmHg or 140 or diastolic BP≧90 mmHg or receiving antihypertensive medications. Diabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose≧126 mg/dL or receiving antidiabetic medications. Hyperuricemia was defined as uric acid levels≧6 mg/dL (female) and ≧ 7.0 mg/dL (male) or receiving uric acid-lowering medication.