Fig. 1.

Illustration of the genome-wide cross-trait analysis design. We first quantified overall and local genetic correlation, then identified specific pleiotropic loci and detected expression–trait associations and finally inferred causal relationships. Genome-wide genetic correlation analysis: https://github.com/bulik/ldsc; local genetic correlation analysis: https://huwenboshi.github.io/hess/; cross-trait meta-analysis: http://hal.case.edu/~xxz10/zhu-web/; Mendelian randomisation: https://mrcieu.github.io/TwoSampleMR/; transcriptome-wide association analysis: http://gusevlab.org/projects/fusion/