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. 2022 Aug 2;79(8):463. doi: 10.1007/s00018-022-04499-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

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Fig. 2 — The main NAD⁺ synthesis precursors. This picture depicts the three main NAD⁺ precursors requiring a phosphoribosyltransferase reaction in their path to NAD⁺ synthesis (Tryptophan, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) and the two main paths driven by ribosylated precursors (nicotinamide riboside and dihydronicotinamide riboside). The intermediate nucleotide forms in each path are also indicated (NAMN nicotinic acid mononucleotide, NMN nicotinamide mononucleotide, NMNH dihydronicotinamide mononucleotide)