Table 2.

Clinical, biochemical and radiological (rSSI) characteristics of patients with CPAI (n = 22) and matched healthy controls (n = 22) (cross-sectional study). Data are presented as n (%), mean ± s.d. or as median (min, max).

	CPAI	HC	P
n	22	22
Sex, male	12 (55%)	12 (55%)	NS
Age (years)	50 (22, 71)	46 (24, 67)	NS
BMI (kg/m2)	26 (19, 34)	25 (21, 46)	NS
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	119 ± 15	127 ± 15	NS
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	80 (60, 100)	79 (67, 109)	NS
Serum sodium (mmol/L)	140 ± 2	140 ± 2	NS
Serum osmolality (mosm/L)	283 ± 3	282 ± 6	NS
Serum potassium (mmol/L)	4.3 ± 0.3	4.3 ± 0.3	NS
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.9 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.1	0.03
PRC (ng/L)	19 (5, 149)	13 (3, 40)	<0.01
Copeptin	5 (2, 12)	4 (2, 6)	NS
Spot urine sodium (mmol/L)	105 (34, 208)	107 (52, 274)	NS
Spot urine osmolality (mosm/L)	732 (332, 854)	740 (320, 963)	NS
24-h urine sodium (mmol/L)	187 ± 71	204 ± 104	NS
rSSI muscle	0.19 (0.14, 0.27)	0.16 (0.12, 0.20)	<0.01
rSSI skin	0.16 (0.13, 0.28)	0.16 (0.12, 0.26)	NS
Daily glucocorticoid dose (mg)	20 (10, 30)	n.a.	NS
Daily mineralocorticoid dose (mg)	0.1 (0.025, 0.15)	n.a.	NS
CSARQ
GC	0 (−5, 2)	n.a.	NS
MC	0 (−2, 2)	n.a.	NS
Co-medication, n
Vitamin D	8	1
Vitamin B12	3	0
l-thyroxine	20	0
Proton pump inhibitors	5	0
DHEA	2	0
ASS	1	0
Metoprolol	1	0
Simvastatin	1	0
Combined oral contraceptive†	1	1
Sertraline**	1	0

*P<0.05 CPAI vs HC **in one patient sertraline was taken for 2 years; †ethinyl estradiol/estradiol valerate + dienogest.

CPAI, patients with chronic primary adrenal insufficiency; CSARQ, clinical score for assessment of replacement quality; GC, glucocorticoid; HC, healthy controls; MC, mineralocorticoid; n.a., not assessed; NS, not significant; rSSI, relative sodium signal intensity.

Repeatedly documented sodium levels did not reveal hyponatremia at any time.