Table 3.

Quality of life.

Author, year, (ref), study design	Intervention/comparator	Study population	Follow-up	Health-related quality of life
Aydogan 2012 (41), Prospective, non-randomized study	TE/none in age-matched controls	Men with hypogonadism (Sustanon 39, age-matched controls 40)	6 months	SF-36: statistically significant difference was found in physical role difficulty, pain, general health, emotional role difficulty, and mental health parameters
Belkoff 2018 (24), Phase 3 open-labeled prospective study	Gel/none	180 men with hypogonadism	9 months	SF-12: significant improvements in QoL for all four domains, physical and mental component summaries, and the mean total score were observed on 3 months, which sustained till 9 months
Cunningham 2017 (26), Phase 3 open-label, non-comparator study	Gel/none	160 men with hypogonadism	4 months	SF-12: improvement of physical component summary, also improvement of mental component summary
Shiraishi 2014 (99), Prospective study	hCG + rhFSH/TE	Men with hypogonadism (hCG+rhFSH 31, TE 6)	24 months	SF-36: no improvements with TE