Table 1.
Static magnetic field effects on different biological functions.
| system | magnetic field | references |
|---|---|---|
| cryptochrome | ||
| cryptochrome responses enhanced | 0.5 mT | Pooam et al. [76] |
| cryptochrome responses enhanced | 0.5 mT | Hammad et al. [77] |
| seizure response in Drosophila (cryptochrome-dependent) | further, 100 mT | Marley et al. [74] |
| photo-induced electron transfer reactions in Drosophila cryptochrome | a few mT | Sheppard et al. [73] |
| body size increase and in Drosophila melanogaster | 0.4–0.7 mT | Giorgi et al. [78] |
| decrease in wing size in Drosophila melanogaster | 35 mT | Stamenkovi-Radak et al. [79] |
| circadian clock | ||
| circadian clock in Drosophila melanogaster | <0.5 mT | Yoshii et al. [80] |
| stem cell | ||
| stem cell-mediated growth | <1 mT | Huizen et al. [81] |
| proliferation/migration/differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells | 1/2/4 mT | Zheng et al. [82] |
| bone stem cells in vitro | 0.5–30 mT | Abdolmaleki et al. [83–85] |
| calcium | ||
| Ca2+ influx | 0.6 mT | Fanelli et al. [86] |
| myosin phosphorylation in a cell-free preparation (Ca2+-dependent) | 0.2 mT | Markov & Pilla [87] |
| Ca2+ concentration/morphology in cell lines | 6 mT | Tenuzzo et al. [88] |
| Ca2+ concentration in in vitro aged human lymphocytes | 6 mT | Tenuzzo et al. [89] |
| cell shape, cell surface, sugar residues, cytoskeleton and apoptosis | 6 mT | Chionna et al. [90] |
| neurons and brain | ||
| blocked sensory neuron action potentials in the somata of adult mouse | 10 mT | McLean et al. [91] |
| symptomatic diabetic neuropathy | 50 mT | Weintraub et al. [92] |
| ROS | ||
| increased intercellular ROS in human neuroblastoma cells | 2.2 mT | Calabro et al. [93] |
| increased intercellular ROS in human neuroblastoma cells | 31.7–232 mT | Vergallo et al. [94] |
| increased H2O2 level in embryoid bodies | 1–10 mT | Bekhite et al. [95] |
| ROS increase in mouse cardiac progenitor cells | 0.2–5 mT | Bekhite et al. [96] |
| elevated H2O2 in diploid embryonic lung fibroblast cell | 230–250 mT | Sullivan et al. [97] |
| increase of H2O2 in the human fibrosarcoma cancer cell | 45−60 μT | Martino& Castello [98] |
| increased H2O2 production of human peripheral blood neutrophils | 60 mT | Poniedzialek et al. [99] |
| ROS levels in cancer cells | 10 mT | Verdon [100] |
| type 2 diabetes via regulating cellular ROS | 3 mT | Carter et al. [101,102] |
| ROS changes in stem cell-mediated growth | <1 mT | Huizen et al. [81] |
| mitochondrial electron transport chain activity | 0–1.93 mT | Sheu et al. [103] |
| others | ||
| flavin adenine dinucleotide photochemistry | <20 mT | Antill et al. [104] |
| enzymatic ATP production | 80 mT | Buchachenko et al. [105] |
| chlorophyll fluorescence/nutrient content of Hordeum vulgare L. | 20/42/125/250 mT | Ercan et al. [106] |
| antioxidant defense system of plant cells | 10/30 mT | Sahebjamei et al. [107] |
| enhance the killing effect of adriamycin on K562 cells. | 8.8 mT | Hao et al. [108] |
| regeneration and plant growth of shoot tips | 2.9–4.6 mT | Atak et al. [109] |
| accelerated loss of integrity of plasma membrane during apoptosis | 6 mT | Teodori et al. [110] |
| macrophagic differentiation in human pro-monocytic U937 cells | 6 mT | Pagliara et al. [111] |
| cell proliferation and cell death balance | 0.5 mT | Buemi et al. [112] |
| growth and sporulation of phytopathogenic microscopic fungi | 1 mT | Nagy et al. [113] |