Table 1.
Characteristics of prospective cohort comparisons in examining the relationship between increasing LNCSB intake and cardiometabolic outcomes
| Cohort comparison (first author, year) | Country | Total follow-up duration (years) | Sex | N | Baseline age (years) | Baseline LNCSB intake (servings/day) | Baseline SSB intake (servings/day) | Dietary assessment | Outcome(s) | Incidence | Outcome assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HPFS (Drouin-Chartier, 2019 [52]) | U.S. | 26 | M | 34,224 | 40–75 | 0.52 | 0.39 | sFFQ | T2D incidence | 5,993 | Confirmed diagnosis |
| HPFS (Mozaffarian, 2011 [85])‡ | U.S. | 20 | M | 22,557 | 50.8 (7.5) | 0.54 | 0.33 | sFFQ | Body weight | Self-report | |
| HPFS (Pan, 2013 [54])‡ | U.S. | 20 | M | 21,988 | 50.6 | 0.56 | 0.40 | sFFQ | Body weight | Self-report | |
| HPFS (Smith, 2015 [31]) | U.S. | 24 | M | 21,472 | 41–63 | 0.55 | 0.33 | sFFQ | Body Weight | Self-report | |
| NHS (Drouin-Chartier, 2019 [52]) | U.S. | 26 | F | 76,531 | 30–55 | 0.58 | 0.26 | sFFQ | T2D incidence | 3,613 | Confirmed diagnosis |
| NHS (Mozaffarian, 2011 [85])‡ | U.S. | 20 | F | 50,422 | 52.2 (7.2) | 0.55 | 0.22 | sFFQ | Body weight | Self-report | |
| NHS (Pan, 2013 [54])‡ | U.S. | 20 | F | 50,013 | 51.8 | 0.56 | 0.26 | sFFQ | Body weight | Self-report | |
| NHS (Smith, 2015 [31]) | U.S. | 24 | F | 48,449 | 30–44 | 0.55 | 0.22 | sFFQ | Body weight | Self-report | |
| NHS II (Drouin-Chartier, 2019 [52]) | U.S. | 22 | F | 81,597 | 25–42 | 1.08 | 0.50 | sFFQ | T2D incidence | 2,300 | Confirmed diagnosis |
| NHS II (Mozaffarian, 2011 [85])‡ | U.S. | 12 | F | 47,898 | 37.5 (4.1) | 1.09 | 0.33 | sFFQ | Body weight | Self-report | |
| NHS II (Pan, 2013 [54])‡ | U.S. | 16 | F | 52,987 | 37.7 | 1.16 | 0.50 | sFFQ | Body weight | Self-report | |
| NHS II (Smith, 2015 [31]) | U.S. | 16 | F | 48,071 | 40–63 | 1.09 | 0.33 | sFFQ | Body weight | Self-report | |
| Mexican Teachers’ Cohort (Stern, 2017 [50]) | Mexico | 2 | F | 11,218 | 43.3 (5.2) | 0.11 | 0.44 | sFFQ | Body weight and WC | Self-report | |
| PREMIER (Chen, 2009 [86]) | U.S. | 1.5 | Both | 810 (500 female, 310 male) |
50.0 (8.9) | 1 | 0.94 | 24-h dietary recalls | Body weight | Measured |
Baseline age is represented as mean, mean (SD), or range as presented in the original article. For baseline LNCSB intake and SSB intake, data are means; serving size of LNCSB and SSB was defined as 330 mL, the standard manufacturers’ portion sizes in the U.K., as previously reported (44). F, female; M, male.
†
Baseline characteristics were only reported as combined values from both cohort comparisons.
‡
Cohort comparisons that were not included in the meta-analyses for avoidance of double counting of results.