Table 1.
Effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on risk of recurrence of lesions related to HPV infection and HPV clearance after local surgical treatment for genital disease (randomised controlled trials and observational studies)
| Outcome | No of studies* (references) | Total No of participants | Vaccine group (events per total n/N (%)) |
Non-vaccine group (events per total n/N (%)) |
Risk ratio (95% CI) random effects model (inverse variance method) |
I2 | τ2 | PI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CIN2+† | 11 (18, 19, 21, 22, 42, 44-49) | 19 909 | 141/3472 (4%) | 926/16437 (5.6%) | 0.43 (0.30 to 0.60) | 58% | 0.14 | 0.16 to 1.12 |
| CIN1+ | 5 (21, 22, 44, 47, 48) | 1045 | 89/587 (15.1%) | 116/458 (25.3%) | 0.55 (0.31 to 0.96) | 63% | 0.15 | 0.13 to 2.26 |
| CIN3 | 3 (18, 19, 47) | 17 757 | 45/2428 (1.4%) | 420/15329 (2.7%) | 0.28 (0.01 to 6.37) | 71% | 1.23 | N/A |
| CIN2 | 3 (18, 19, 47) | 17 757 | 15/2428 (0.6%) | 365/15329 (2.3%) | 0.23 (0.11 to 0.48) | 0% | 0 | 0.03 to 1.99 |
| CIN1 | 4 (21, 22, 47, 48) | 970 | 55/562 (9.7%) | 44/408 (10.7%) | 0.86 (0.31 to 2.33) | 62% | 0.27 | 0.06 to 11.88 |
| CIN2+ related to HPV16 or HPV18 | 6 (18, 21, 42, 45, 46, 48) | 1879 | 12/953 (1.2%) | 53/926 (5.7%) | 0.26 (0.16 to 0.43) | 0% | 0 | 0.16 to 0.45 |
| CIN1+ related to HPV16 or HPV18 | 1 (21) | 178 | 2/89 (2.2%) | 8/89 (8.9%) | 0.25 (0.05 to 1.14) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Abnormal cytology | 1 (21) | 178 | 7/89 (7.8%) | 23/89 (25.8%) | 0.30 (0.14 to 0.67) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| VIN1+ or VaIN1+ | 1 (21) | 178 | 0/89 (0%) | 3/89 (3.3%) | 0.14 (0.01 to 2.73) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| VIN2+ or VaIN2+ | 2 (21, 50) | 296 | 8/131 (6.1%) | 27/165 (16.3%) | 0.56 (0.01 to 35.16) | 0% | 0 | N/A |
| Genital warts | 1 (41) | 171 | 45/91 (49.4%) | 35/80 (43.7%) | 0.14 (0.01 to 2.73) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| High grade AIN | 1 (43) | 152 | 12/38 (31.5%) | 35/114 (40.7%) | 1.03 (0.60 to 1.77) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Persistent HPV infection‡ | 1 (18) | 344 | 26/166 (15.6%) | 32/178 (17.9%) | 0.87 (0.54 to 1.40) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
AIN=anal intraepithelial neoplasia; CIN=cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 1 (CIN1), grade 1 or higher (CIN1+), grade 2 (CIN2), grade 2 or higher (CIN2+), grade 3 (CIN3); N/A=not applicable; PI=prediction interval; VIN1+ or VaIN1+=vulvar or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 or higher, grade 2 or higher (VIN2+ or VaIN2+).
All studies included an intervention (vaccine) and a control (non-vaccine) group.
Adjusted data were used when available
HPV type detected at baseline and six months after local surgical treatment.