Table 3.
Prevalence of of the five most used Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), according to sociodemographic characteristics, (Brazil, PNS, 2019) e
| Acupuncture | Homeopathy | Medicinal Plants | Meditation | Yoga | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Prevalence (%)a(IC99%)b | Prevalence (%) (IC99%) | Prevalence (%) (IC99%) | Prevalence (%) (IC99%) | Prevalence (%) (IC99%) |
| Region | |||||
| Southeast | 2.1 (1.7–2.4) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.9 (1.5–2.3) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.56 (0.4–0.73) |
| South | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 3.2 (2.6–3.8) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.65 (0.5–0.8) |
| Midwest | 1.1 (0.8–1.3) | 0.9 (0.6–1.1) | 2.6 (1.9–3.2) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.36 (0.2–0.5) |
| Northeast | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 3.9 (3.2–4.6) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.19 (0.1–0.3) |
| North | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 0.5 (0.3–0.6) | 5. (5.0–6.9) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 0.12 (0.1–0.2) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 2.4 (2.1–2.7) | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | 0.2 (0.1–0.2) |
| Female | 1.9 (1.7–2.2) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 3.5 (3.1–3.8) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 0.7 (0.5–0.8) |
| Age Group | |||||
| 18 to 39 years old | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 2.3 (1.9–2.5) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) |
| 40 to 59 years old | 1.7 (1.4–2.0) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 3.2 (2.8–3.6) | 0.7 (0.5–0.8) | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) |
| 60 years old or more | 1.9 (1.5–2.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 4.0 (3.5–4.4) | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) | 0.3 (0.2–0.8) |
| Educational levelc | |||||
| Complete Elementary school | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 3.3 (2.9–3.7) | 0.07 (0.0–0.1) | 0.04 (0.0–0.1) |
| Complete High school | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 2.1 (1.8–2.4) | 0.28 (0.2–0.4) | 0.17 (0.1–0.2) |
| University degree or more | 3.8 (3.3–4.3) | 2.5 (2.1–3.0) | 3.8 (3.2–4.4) | 2.46 (2.0–2.9) | 1.64 (1.3–2.0) |
| Per capita incomed | |||||
| Up to ½ MW | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 3.3 (2.7–3.9) | 0.10 (0.0–0.2) | 0.034 (0.0–0.1) |
| Over 1/2 MW and up to 1 MW | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 2.6 (2.2–3.0) | 0.19 (0.1–0.3) | 0.081 (0.0–0.1) |
| Over 1 MW and up to 2 MW | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 2.6 (2.2–3.0) | 0.41 (0.2–0.7) | 0.324 (0.1–0.5) |
| Over 2 MW | 4.2 (3.6–4.8) | 2.6 (2.0–3.1) | 3.6 (3.0–4.1) | 2.18 (1.8–2.5) | 1.442 (1.2–1.7) |
| Race | |||||
| Non-white | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | 3.1 (2.8–3.5) | 0.4 (0.3–0.4) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) |
| White | 2.1 (1.8–2.4) | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 2.8 (2.4–3.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) |
| Self-assessment in health | |||||
| Good/very good | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) | 2.4 (2.1–2.6) | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.54 (0.4–0.6) |
| Fair/bad/very bad | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 4.2 (3.8–4.7) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.20 (0.1–0.3) |
| Private Health Insurance | |||||
| No | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | 2.9 (2.6–3.2) | 0.3 (0.2–0.3) | 0.19 (0.1–0.2) |
| Yes | 3.7 (3.2–4.1) | 2.1 (1.7–2.5) | 3.2 (2.7–3.8) | 1.7 (1.4–2.0) | 1.15 (0.9–1.4) |
| Access to health services | |||||
| No | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 2.3 (1.9–2.7) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.13 (0.1–0.2) |
| Yes | 1.8 (1.6–2.0) | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 3.2 (2.9–3.5) | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) | 0.52 (0.4–0.6) |
| Brazil | 1.4 (1.3–1.6) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 3.0 (2.7–3.3) | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | 0.4 (0.4–0.5) |
aPrevalence considering the complex sample design
b99% confidence interval considering the complex sample design
cThe variable education categories “illiterate and incomplete elementary school” were aggregated”
dPer capita income: Up to $126.46 (equivalent to Up to ½ Minimum Wage -MW), over $136.46 and up to $252.91 (over ½ MW and up to 1 MW) - Over $252.91 and up to $502.8 (More than 1 MW and up to 2 MW) - Over $502.83 (More than 2 MW)
eSample of individuals aged 18 years and older who answered the 2019 National Health Survey individual questionnaire
In bold: results statistically significant (p < 0.05)