Table 4.
Factors associated with the of the five most used Complementary and Alternative Medicine, (Brazil, PNS-2019)f
| Acupuncture | Homeopathy | Medicinal Plants | Meditation | Yoga | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of CAM usea(99%CI)bby sociodemographic variables | AORc(99%CI) | AOR (99%CI) | AOR (99%CI) | AOR (99%CI) | AOR (99%CI) |
| Region | |||||
| Southeast | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| South | 0.80 (0.61–1.04) | 0.96 (0.68–1.37) | 1.77 (1.33–2.37) | 1.17 (0.82–1.66) | 1.18 (0.79–1.75) |
| Midwest | 0.61 (0.45–0.83) | 0.84 (0.57–1.23) | 1.42 (1.02–1.97) | 0.92 (0.61–1.38) | 0.73 (0.46–1.17) |
| Northeast | 0.66 (0.49–0.89) | 0.34 (0.23–0.50) | 2.24 (1.69–2.96) | 0.73 (0.50–1.09) | 0.72 (0.43–1.21) |
| North | 0.42 (0.30–0.58) | 0.73 (0.48–1.10) | 3.65 (2.81–4.75) | 0.44 (0.26–0.72) | 0.47 (0.25–0.86) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Female | 1.97 (1.62–2.39) | 2.05 (1.69–2.49) | 1.36 (1.24–1.49) | 1.95 (1.52–2.51) | 3.63 (2.49–5.28) |
| Age Group | |||||
| 18 to 39 years old | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 40 to 59 years old | 1.53 (1.20–1.96) | 1.34 (1.04–1.73) | 1.35 (1.19–1.54) | 0.95 (0.67–1.36) | 0.72 (0.48–1.07) |
| 60 years old or more | 1.56 (1.18–2.06) | 1.35 (0.96–1.88) | 1.59 (1.33–1.90) | 0.91 (0.56–1.47) | 0.79 (0.44–1.43) |
| Educational leveld | |||||
| Complete Elementary school | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Complete High school | 1.51 (1.06–2.14) | 1.58 (1.11–2.26) | 0.85 (0.74–0.98) | 2.99 (1.63–5.49) | 2.60 (1.24–5.45) |
| University degree or more | 2.90 (2.01–4.17) | 4.00 (2.70–5.92) | 1.49 (1.26–1.77) | 13.48 (6.41–28.33) | 11.13 (4.51–27.44) |
| Per capita incomee | |||||
| Up to ½ MW | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Over 1/2 MW and up to 1 MW | 1.55 (0.95–2.53) | 1.11 (0.60–2.08) | 0.85 (0.69–1.03) | 1.24 (0.60–2.60) | 1.58 (0.62–3.99) |
| Over 1 MW and up to 2 MW | 2.69 (1.66–4.17) | 1.27 (0.68–2.36) | 0.94 (0.75–1.19) | 1.49 (0.66–3.35) | 3.59 (1.38–9.29) |
| Over 2 MW | 5.16 (2.93–9.08) | 2.78 (1.47–5.25) | 1.17 (0.92–1.49) | 3.63 (1.66–7.93) | 7.50 (2.97–18.93) |
| Race | |||||
| Non-white | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| White | 1.15 (0.90–1.45) | 1.51 (1.16–1.96) | 0.96 (0.84–1.10) | 1.20 (0.88–1.66) | 1.36 (0.90–2.06) |
| Self-assessment in health | |||||
| Good/very good | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Fair/bad/very bad | 1.90 (1.51–2.39) | 1.37 (1.02–1.83) | 1.63 (1.43–1.85) | 0.90 (0.66–1.23) | 1.02 (0.62–3.99) |
| Private Health Insurance | |||||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 2.24 (1.67–3.01) | 1.50 (1.06–2.13) | 1.13 (0.93–1.35) | 1.43 (0.99–2.05) | 1.47 (0.85–2.55) |
| Access to health services | |||||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 2.59 (1.75–3.85) | 1.95 (1.30–2.92) | 1.14 (0.97–1.34) | 1.40 (0.91–2.16) | 1.82 (1.05–3.14) |
aPrevalence considering the complex sample design
b99% confidence interval considering the complex sample design
cAdjusted Odds Ratio considering the complex sample design
dThe variable education categories “illiterate and incomplete elementary school” were aggregated”
ePer capita income: Up to $126.46 (equivalent to Up to ½ Minimum Wage -MW), over $136.46 and up to $252.91 (over ½ MW and up to 1 MW) - Over $252.91 and up to $502.8 (More than 1 MW and up to 2 MW) - Over $502.83 (More than 2 MW)
fSample of individuals aged 18 years and older who answered the 2019 National Health Survey individual questionnaire
In bold: results statistically significant (p < 0.05)