Fig. 4.

TA inhibits Aβ(1–42)-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through the AMPK/ULK1- and Raf/MEK/ERK-mediated autophagy. A, B BV-2 cells were pretreated with 5 μM of Aβ (1–42) for 12 h, followed by the treatment of TA (10 μM) in the presence or absence of CC (10 μM) or SCH (20 μM) for an additional 24 h. Then protein expressions were detected using Western blot. Bar charts indicate the ratios of NLRP3/β-actin, ASC/β-actin, caspase-1 (p10)/pro-caspase-1, IL-1β (p17)/pro-IL-1β, IL-18 (p18)/pro-IL-18, and GSDMD (p30)/pro-GSDMD in BV-2 cells. B Error bars, S.D. *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001, n = 3. (One-way ANOVA with Tukey-corrected post hoc t-tests for multiple comparisons was applied for comparison between groups). The full-length blots are presented in Additional file 1: Fig. S23