TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics for solid organ transplant recipients by vaccination status
| Characteristic | Solid organ transplant recipients (N = 12 842) | ≥1 dose COVID-19 vaccine (N = 11, 210) | Unvaccinated (N = 1632) | Standardized differencea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 60 (49, 68) | 60 (50, 68) | 57 (45, 67) | 0.17 |
| 18-<40 | 1605 (12.5) | 1318 (11.8) | 287 (17.6) | 0.16 |
| 40–65 | 6960 (54.2) | 6080 (54.2) | 880 (53.9) | 0.01 |
| >65 | 4277 (33.3) | 3812 (34.0) | 465 (28.5) | 0.12 |
| Female | 4860 (37.8) | 4261 (38.0) | 599 (36.7) | 0.03 |
| Neighborhood income quintileb | ||||
| 1 (low) | 2709 (21.1) | 2261 (20.2) | 448 (27.5) | 0.17 |
| 2 | 2624 (20.4) | 2303 (20.5) | 321 (19.7) | 0.02 |
| 3 (middle) | 2639 (20.5) | 2302 (20.5) | 337 (20.6) | 0.00 |
| 4 | 2447 (19.1) | 2161 (19.3) | 286 (17.5) | 0.05 |
| 5 (high) | 2423 (18.9) | 2183 (19.5) | 240 (14.7) | 0.13 |
| Ruralc | 1459 (11.4) | 1283 (11.4) | 176 (10.8) | 0.02 |
| Time since transplant, years | 7 (3, 13) | 7 (3, 13) | 8 (4, 14) | 0.11 |
| Number of transplantsd | ||||
| 1 | 11,718 (91.2) | 10,232 (91.3) | 1486 (91.1) | 0.01 |
| 2 | 1015 (7.9) | 883 (7.9) | 132 (8.1) | 0.01 |
| ≥3 | 109 (0.8) | 95 (0.8) | 14 (0.9) | 0.01 |
| Long-term care residence | 56 (0.4) | 50 (0.4) | 6 (0.4) | 0 |
| Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (infection occurred between March 2020 and September 2020)e | 45 to 49 (0.4) | 44 (0.4) | 1 to 5 (0.1 to 0.3) | 0.02–0.07 |
| Chronic heart diseasef | 4114 (32.0) | 3635 (32.4) | 479 (29.4) | 0.06 |
| Hypertensionf | 10,378 (80.8) | 9117 (81.3) | 1261 (77.3) | 0.10 |
| Diabetesf | 6308 (49.1) | 5522 (49.3) | 786 (48.2) | 0.02 |
| Chronic respiratory diseasef | 4128 (32.1) | 3636 (32.4) | 492 (30.1) | 0.05 |
| Major cancerg | 2124 (16.5) | 1865 (16.6) | 259 (15.9) | 0.02 |
| Public health unit region | ||||
| Central East | 876 (6.8) | 755 (6.7) | 121 (7.4) | 0.03 |
| Centralh West | 2571 (20.0) | 2264 (20.2) | 307 (18.8) | 0.04 |
| Durham | 613 (4.8) | 533 (4.8) | 80 (4.9) | 0.00 |
| Eastern | 934 (7.3) | 859 (7.7) | 75 (4.6) | 0.13 |
| North | 737 (5.7) | 656 (5.9) | 81 (5.0) | 0.04 |
| Ottawa | 1045 (8.1) | 949 (8.5) | 96 (5.9) | 0.10 |
| Peel | 1164 (9.1) | 979 (8.7) | 185 (11.3) | 0.09 |
| South West | 1661 (12.9) | 1436 (12.8) | 225 (13.8) | 0.03 |
| Toronto | 2360 (18.4) | 1994 (17.8) | 366 (22.4) | 0.11 |
| York | 881 (6.9) | 785 (7.0) | 96 (5.9) | 0.04 |
| Number SARS-CoV-2 tests in past 3 months | ||||
| 0 | 10,462 (81.5) | 9120 (81.4) | 1342 (82.2) | 0.02 |
| 1 | 1510 (11.8) | 1343 (12.0) | 167 (10.2) | 0.06 |
| ≥2 | 870 (6.8) | 747 (6.7) | 123 (7.5) | 0.03 |
| 2019–2020 and/or 2020–21 influenza vaccine | 6097 (47.5) | 5719 (51.0) | 378 (23.2) | 0.60 |
| Essential workers fifth (%)i,j | ||||
| 1 (0–28.4) | 2458 (19.1) | 2217 (19.8) | 241 (14.8) | 0.13 |
| 2 (28.4–37.0) | 2645 (20.6) | 2333 (20.8) | 312 (19.1) | 0.04 |
| 3 (37.0–43.6) | 2704 (21.1) | 2374 (21.2) | 330 (20.2) | 0.02 |
| 4 (43.6–50.3) | 2555 (19.9) | 2208 (19.7) | 347 (21.3) | 0.04 |
| 5 (50.3–100) | 2406 (18.7) | 2013 (18.0) | 393 (24.1) | 0.15 |
| Number (range) of people per dwelling fifthi | ||||
| 1 (0–2.1) | 2703 (21.0) | 2341 (20.9) | 362 (22.2) | 0.03 |
| 2 (2.2–2.4) | 2399 (18.7) | 2121 (18.9) | 278 (17.0) | 0.05 |
| 3 (2.5–2.6) | 1773 (13.8) | 1566 (14.0) | 207 (12.7) | 0.04 |
| 4 (2.7–3) | 2973 (23.2) | 2596 (23.2) | 377 (23.1) | 0.00 |
| 5 (3.1–5.7) | 2919 (22.7) | 2520 (22.5) | 399 (24.4) | 0.04 |
| Self-identified visible minority fifth (%)i,k | ||||
| 1 (0–2.2) | 2205 (17.2) | 1967 (17.5) | 238 (14.6) | 0.08 |
| 2 (2.2–7.3) | 2267 (17.7) | 2018 (18.0) | 249 (15.3) | 0.07 |
| 3 (7.3–18.3) | 2357 (18.4) | 2086 (18.6) | 271 (16.6) | 0.05 |
| 4 (18.3–42.6) | 2702 (21.0) | 2342 (20.9) | 360 (22.1) | 0.03 |
| 5 (42.6–100) | 3237 (25.2) | 2732 (24.4) | 505 (30.9) | 0.15 |
Note: Data are presented as n (%) or median (25th and 75th percentile).
Standardized differences measure the difference between groups divided by the pooled standard deviation; a value >10% is a meaningful difference between the unvaccinated and vaccinated groups. Bold standard differences denote a meaningful difference (i.e., >10%).
Income presented as quintiles of average neighborhood income.
Rural is defined as living in an area with a population < 10000.
Includes the transplant that entered the individual into the cohort. Therefore, everyone has at least 1 transplant.
In accordance with ICES policy of suppressing cell sizes <6, numbers presented as ranges.
Comorbidities assessed prior to index date.
Major cancer is defined as a composite of lung/bronchi, colon/rectum, breast, pancreas, prostate, leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, liver, ovarian, and esophageal. Evidence of major cancer was assessed in the 5-years prior to index date.
Public Health Unit region was missing for <1% of recipients. Missing data were imputed to the Central West Region.
Sum of values will not equal the column total due to missing data which was <1%.
Ranges in brackets represent the proportion of people in a given area working as non-healthcare essential workers (e.g., sales, transport, agriculture, manufacturing).
Ranges in brackets represent the proportion of people in a given area who self-identified as a visible minority.