Table 3.
Bovine based‐products
| Bovine based‐product | Activity | References |
|---|---|---|
| BMAP‐27 (27‐residue bovine cathelicidin peptide) | Anti‐HIV activity | [65] |
| Lactoperoxidases (bLPO) | Anti‐HSV‐1 activity | [66] |
| Anti‐influenza activity | [67] | |
| Lactoferrin (bLf) | Anti‐HCV activity | [68] |
| Anti‐SARS‐ COV‐2 | [69] | |
| Block HCMV infection | [70] | |
| Anti‐HIV‐l activity | [71] | |
| Anti‐influenza activity | [72] | |
| Anti‐HBV activity | [73] | |
| Bovine lactoferrin has been granted generally recognized safe status by FDA | ||
| Lactoferricin (β‐turn structure peptide) | Anti‐HCMV activity | [74] |
| Anti‐HSV activity | [75] | |
| Indolicidin (extended‐structure peptide) | Anti‐HIV‐1 activity | [76] |
| Anti‐HSV activity | [77] | |
| Indolicidin are cationic antimicrobial peptide isolated from bovine neutrophils | ||
| Bovine milk/colostrum | Anti‐influenza activity | [78, 79] |
| β‐lactoglobulin "modified by 3‐hydroxyphthalic anhydride” | Anti‐HIV activity | [80, 81] |
Abbreviations: bLf, bovine lactoferrin; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCMV, human cytomegalovirus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HSV, human simplex virus; SARS‐ COV‐2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.