Table 2.
Univariate analysis | p‐Value a | Multivariate analysis | p‐Value a | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cOR | 95%CI | aOR | 95%CI | |||
Age group | ||||||
<20 years | Ref. | |||||
20–29 | 4.91 | 1.92–12.52 | <0.001 | 4.05 | 1.55–10.63 | 0.004 |
30–39 | 6.18 | 2.43–15.71 | <0.001 | 5.19 | 1.98–13.58 | <0.001 |
≧40 | 6.04 | 2.32–15.73 | <0.001 | 5.25 | 1.63–14.23 | 0.001 |
Occupation | ||||||
Housewife | Ref. | |||||
Employee | 1.176 | 0.99–1.39 | 0.053 | 1.15 | 0.96–1.38 | 0.128 |
Public servant | 1.362 | 1.02–1.82 | 0.035 | 1.42 | 1.04–1.94 | 0.026 |
Self employed | 0.686 | 0.50–0.95 | 0.024 | 0.66 | 0.46–0.93 | 0.019 |
Education | 1.392 | 0.87–2.23 | 0.168 | 1.35 | 0.83–2.20 | 0.228 |
Health care workers | 1.652 | 1.31–2.09 | <0.001 | 1.58 | 1.23–2.03 | <0.001 |
Part‐time | 0.889 | 0.72–1.10 | 0.283 | 0.93 | 0.74–1.18 | 0.562 |
Others | 0.618 | 0.41–0.93 | 0.022 | 0.69 | 0.44–1.10 | 0.120 |
Weeks of gestation b | ||||||
Early pregnancy (≤15 weeks) | Ref. | |||||
Mid‐pregnancy (16–27 weeks) | 1.651 | 1.40–1.95 | <0.001 | 1.65 | 1.38–1.97 | <0.001 |
Late pregnancy (≥28 weeks) | 1.753 | 1.50–2.05 | <0.001 | 1.69 | 0.42–2.01 | <0.001 |
Primipara | ||||||
Yes | Ref. | |||||
No | 0.91 | 0.80–1.03 | 0.140 | 0.90 | 0.78–1.03 | 0.131 |
Fetal number | ||||||
Single | Ref. | |||||
Twins or triplets | 1.12 | 0.52–2.34 | 0.768 | 1.23 | 0.55–2.79 | 0.616 |
Pregnancy | ||||||
Natural | Ref. | |||||
Artificial insemination | 1.395 | 0.95–2.05 | 0.091 | 1.30 | 0.85–1.97 | 0.226 |
In vitro fertilization | 1.134 | 0.93–1.38 | 0.213 | 1.03 | 0.82–1.29 | 0.812 |
Complications during pregnancy b | ||||||
All | 1.13 | 0.97–1.31 | 0.116 | n/a | ||
COVID‐19 | 0.29 | 0.16–0.53 | <0.001 | 0.30 | 0.14–0.62 | 0.001 |
Gestational hypertension | 0.81 | 0.40–1.62 | 0.544 | 0.98 | 0.42–2.26 | 0.957 |
Gestational diabetes mellitus | 1.31 | 0.92–1.87 | 0.137 | 1.23 | 0.82–1.86 | 0.317 |
Anemia | 1.14 | 0.93–1.39 | 0.210 | 1.02 | 0.82–1.28 | 0.849 |
Threatened premature delivery | 0.97 | 0.78–1.21 | 0.791 | 0.84 | 0.66–1.07 | 0.150 |
Others | 1.58 | 1.01–2.48 | 0.046 | 1.54 | 0.93–2.55 | 0.095 |
Diseases under treatment b | ||||||
All | 1.29 | 1.07–1.55 | 0.007 | n/a | ||
Asthma | 1.18 | 0.73–1.91 | 0.792 | 1.21 | 0.71–2.05 | 0.484 |
Malignancy | n/a | |||||
Thyroid disease | 1.35 | 0.92–1.98 | 0.126 | 1.23 | 0.82–1.85 | 0.318 |
Autoimmune disease | 1.19 | 0.46–3.09 | 0.719 | 1.10 | 0.42–2.90 | 0.853 |
Allergy | 1.65 | 1.14–2.37 | 0.007 | 1.66 | 1.14–2.42 | 0.008 |
Inflammatory bowel disease | 1.56 | 0.47–5.22 | 0.470 | 1.65 | 0.49–5.62 | 0.421 |
Hypertension | 0.81 | 0.30–12.17 | 0.670 | 0.87 | 0.27–2.79 | 0.813 |
Diabetes mellitus | 1.06 | 0.41–2.78 | 0.901 | 1.16 | 0.39–3.44 | 0.788 |
Heart disease | 0.53 | 0.10–2.74 | 0.449 | 0.70 | 0.13–3.69 | 0.673 |
Kidney disease | 0.85 | 0.18–4.01 | 0.837 | 0.68 | 0.14–3.26 | 0.624 |
Mental disorder | 1.36 | 0.80–2.32 | 0.254 | 1.24 | 0.72–2.13 | 0.432 |
Others | 1.18 | 0.86–1.63 | 0.306 | 1.17 | 0.84–1.64 | 0.362 |
Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; cOR: crude odds ratio.
Using the logistic regression model.
Missing values were excluded in the weeks of gestation (n = 10), complications during pregnancy (n = 160), and diseases under treatment (n = 482).