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. 2022 May 9;24(9):4299–4316. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.16028

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© 2022 The Authors. Environmental Microbiology published by Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Fig. 4 — Comparative analysis of the functional composition of the metaproteome.

A. PCA analysis of functional microbiota profiles from aged‐matched samples containing high levels of SARS‐CoV‐2‐RNA, or negative for viral RNA.

B. Violin plots showing the relative abundance of the Ascomycota‐related KOs increased in SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive samples (red) or negative samples (green). Asterisks denote KOs that were also significantly increased when compared to levels detected in age‐matched samples containing lower levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA.

C. Violin plots showing the relative abundance of the bacterial‐related KOs increased in SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive samples (red) or negative samples (green). Asterisks denote KOs that were also significantly increased when compared to levels detected in age‐matched samples containing lower levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA.

D. Violin plots showing the relative abundance of host‐related KOs increased in SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive samples (red) compared to negative samples (green). Asterisks denote KOs that were also significantly increased when compared to levels detected in age‐matched samples containing lower levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA.