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. 2022 Aug 3;2022(8):CD013829. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013829.pub2

Comparison 7. Secondary outcome: health‐related quality of life.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
7.1 Anxiety ‐ at 10 months to 5 years (change over time and endpoints) 3 8153 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.43 [‐0.59, ‐0.27]
7.2 Quality of life measures at different time points 3   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
7.2.1 Physical component summary of short‐form 12 (PCS) at baseline 1 1288 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.17 [‐1.21, 0.87]
7.2.2 Physical component summary of short‐form 12 (PCS) at 2 years 1 931 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [‐0.34, 2.10]
7.2.3 Mental component summary of short‐form 12 (MCS) at baseline 1 1288 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.06 [‐1.42, 1.30]
7.2.4 Mental component summary of short‐form 12 (MCS) at 2 years 1 931 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.81 [‐0.65, 2.27]
7.2.5 EuroQol questionnaire visual analogue scale (EQ‐5D VAS) (1‐100) at baseline 1 1288 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.69 [‐0.98, 2.36]
7.2.6 EuroQol questionnaire visual analogue scale (EQ‐5D VAS) (1‐100) at 2 years 1 1010 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 2.08 [0.18, 3.98]
7.2.7 Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI‐6) at baseline 1 1288 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.48 [‐1.63, 0.67]
7.2.8 Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI‐6) at 2 years 1 931 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.75 [‐1.99, 0.49]
7.2.9 Impact of event scale (IES) total at baseline 1 1288 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.03 [‐0.88, 0.94]
7.2.10 Anxiety ‐ at baseline 1 4037 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.07 [‐0.11, ‐0.03]
7.2.11 Impact of event scale (IES) total at 2 years 1 931 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.31 [‐1.30, 0.68]
7.2.12 Anxiety ‐ at 10‐27 months 1 4037 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.36 [‐0.57, ‐0.15]
7.2.13 Anxiety (0‐18) at round 1 to 2 1 3352 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.13 [‐0.33, 0.07]
7.2.14 Anxiety (0‐18) at round 1 to 5 1 3185 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.51 [‐0.76, ‐0.26]
7.2.15 Depression ‐ at baseline 1 4037 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.06 [‐0.10, ‐0.02]
7.2.16 Depression ‐ at 10‐27 months 1 4037 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.24 [‐0.40, ‐0.08]
7.2.17 Behaviour (0‐21) at round 1 to 2 1 3337 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.21 [‐0.42, 0.00]
7.2.18 Behaviour (0‐21) at round 1 to 5 1 3180 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.60 [‐0.88, ‐0.32]
7.2.19 Dejection (0‐18) at round 1 to 2 1 3377 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.15 [‐0.36, 0.06]
7.2.20 Dejection (0‐18) at round 1 to 5 1 3195 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.58 [‐0.82, ‐0.34]
7.2.21 Negative impact on sleep (0‐12) round 1 to 2 1 3389 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.14 [‐0.32, 0.04]
7.2.22 Negative impact on sleep (0‐12) round 1 to 5 1 3198 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.70 [‐0.95, ‐0.45]
7.3 SF‐36v2: PCS by different components at baseline and at 6 months 1   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
7.3.1 Negative at baseline 1 1381 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.07 [‐2.09, ‐0.05]
7.3.2 Negative at 6 months 1 1019 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.11 [‐1.38, 1.16]
7.3.3 SIFs at baseline 1 344 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.16 [‐2.45, 2.77]
7.3.4 SIFs at 6 months 1 226 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.25 [‐4.26, 1.76]
7.3.5 False positive at baseline 1 1024 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.72 [‐1.98, 0.54]
7.3.6 False positive at 6 months 1 703 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.78 [‐2.42, 0.86]
7.3.7 True positive at baseline 1 63 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.94 [‐7.33, 3.45]
7.3.8 True positive at 6 months 1 42 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.20 [‐7.32, 6.92]
7.4 SF‐36v2: MCS by different components at baseline and 6 months 1   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
7.4.1 Negative at baseline 1 1381 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.85 [‐1.97, 0.27]
7.4.2 Negative at 6 months 1 1019 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.15 [‐1.52, 1.22]
7.4.3 SIFs at baseline 1 344 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.63 [‐1.94, 3.20]
7.4.4 SIFs at 6 months 1 226 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.73 [‐2.27, 3.73]
7.4.5 False positive at baseline 1 1024 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.19 [‐1.43, 1.05]
7.4.6 False positive at 6 months 1 703 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.02 [‐2.67, 0.63]
7.4.7 True positive at baseline 1 63 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.74 [‐6.66, 3.18]
7.4.8 True positive at 6 months 1 42 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.08 [‐8.19, 8.35]
7.5 Anxiety by different results at 1 and 6 months 1   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
7.5.1 Negative at 1 month 1 1162 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.26 [‐1.79, 1.27]
7.5.2 Negative at 6 months 1 1019 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.33 [‐1.91, 1.25]
7.5.3 SIFs at 1 month 1 272 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.06 [‐3.52, 3.40]
7.5.4 SIFs at 6 months 1 226 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.60 [‐4.26, 3.06]
7.5.5 False positive at 1 month 1 835 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.77 [‐0.04, 3.58]
7.5.6 False positive at 6 months 1 703 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.31 [‐0.61, 3.23]
7.5.7 True positive at 1 month 1 48 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.63 [‐6.31, 9.57]
7.5.8 True positive at 6 months 1 42 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.69 [‐11.69, 6.31]