Table 3.
Univariable and multivariable analyses to determine predictors of a serologic response among IMID patients after receipt of the standard 2‐dose SARS–CoV‐2 vaccination regimen*
| Potential predictor | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Demographic | ||||
| Age, years | 0.96 (0.95–0.98) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.93–0.97) | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 0.92 (0.62–1.37) | 0.68 | 0.70 (0.41–1.22) | 0.199 |
| IMID | ||||
| Joint | ||||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Spondyloarthritis | 1.53 (0.83–2.69) | 0.16 | 0.39 (0.14–1.09) | 0.066 |
| Psoriatic arthritis | 1.89 (0.99–3.63) | 0.05 | 1.436 (0.47–3.91) | 0.562 |
| Bowel | ||||
| Crohn's disease | 1.36 (0.81–2.28) | 0.242 | 0.34 (0.13–0.89) | 0.026 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 2.22 (1.11–4.45) | 0.021 | 0.54 (0.18–1.58) | 0.25 |
| Medication | ||||
| TNFi† | ||||
| Monotherapy | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Combination therapy | 0.38 (0.23–0.64) | <0.001 | 0.27 (0.14–0.52) | <0.001 |
| Methotrexate | 0.61 (0.34–1.09) | 0.089 | 0.36 (0.13–1.04) | 0.286 |
| Vedolizumab | 1 (0.29–3.49) | 0.998 | 1.17 (0.28–4.93) | 0.824 |
| JAK inhibitor | 0.21 (0.09–0.49) | <0.001 | 0.18 (0.05–0.64) | 0.007 |
| Tocilizumab‡ | Not done | 0.978 | Not done | 0.983 |
| Ustekinumab | 0.92 (0.2–4.17) | 0.917 | 0.36 (0.13–8.06) | 0.528 |
| Abatacept | 0.02 (0.01–0.10) | <0.001 | 0.01 (0–0.013) | <0.001 |
| Secukinumab | 0.35 (0.04–3.11) | 0.334 | 0.1 (0.01–1.21 | 0.064 |
| Prednisolone | 0.27 (0.14–0.51) | <0.001 | 0.41 (0.13–1.24) | 0.106 |
| Vaccine related§ | ||||
| BNT162b2 regimen, 2 doses | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| mRNA‐1273 regimen, 2 doses | 5.06 (2.29–11.18) | <0.001 | 4.45 (1.66–11.92) | 0.002 |
| Combination regimen, 2 doses | 1.11 (0.46–2.69) | 0.814 | 0.72 (0.24–2.12) | 0.54 |
| COVID‐19 and 1 of any mRNA vaccine§ | – | 0.977 | – | 0.995 |
| Other | ||||
| IBD or IJD duration | 1 (0.98–1.02) | 0.945 | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | 0.389 |
| CRP level | 0.97 (0.96–0.99) | 0.01 | 0.97 (0.95–1.0) | 0.018 |
| BMI | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 0.474 | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 0.292 |
| Pause in medication¶ | 1.8 (0.81–4.03) | 0.142 | 1.59 (0.5–5.07) | 0.428 |
Response was defined as an IgG antibody level of ≥70 AU/ml against the RBD of SARS–CoV‐2 spike protein. IBD = inflammatory bowel disease; IJD = inflammatory joint disease (see Table 2 for other definitions).
Monotherapy consisted of infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, golimumab, or certolizumab pegol. Combination therapy consisted of methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, or azathioprine.
Because of the low number of tocilizumab recipients, analysis was not performed.
BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273 are mRNA vaccines. Combination regimen was defined as ChAdOx1 (first dose) + BNT162b2 or mRNA‐1273 (second dose) or as BNT162b2 + mRNA‐1273 in any sequence.
Patient‐reported pause in medication from 1 week before through 2 weeks after receipt of a vaccine dose.