TABLE 1.

Binding energies of ligands docked against receptors

PubChem ID	Compounds	6LU7	6W02	6ZSL	7BV2	6M0J	6M0JR	6M0JSA	6M0JBr	6M0JUK
11433225	Cucurbitaxanthin A	−7.5	−9.3	−9.7	−9.2	−7.9	−8.0	−7.4	−7.7	−7.1
16061212	Cucurbitaxanthin B	−7.3	−9.1	−9.9	−9.1	−7.6	−7.7	−7.2	−7.0	−8.1
4369188	Alpha‐carotene	−7.6	−9.6	−8.3	−8.7	−7.8	−7.7	−7.3	−8.1	−7.1
446925	Lycopene	−6.0	−7.3	−7.5	−7.0	−6.4	−6.8	−6.6	−6.6	−6.4
448438	Violaxanthin	−7.4	−9.0	−9.5	−8.7	−7.2	−6.9	−6.7	−7.4	−7.1
5280489	Beta‐carotene	−7.3	−9.0	−8.9	−8.4	−7.1	−7.4	−8.0	−7.7	−8.0
5280784	Phytoene	−5.2	−7.5	−6.0	−5.9	−5.6	−5.7	−5.6	−6.0	−4.9
5280899	Zeaxanthin	−7.2	−7.9	−9.3	−8.6	−7.3	−7.7	−7.0	−7.0	−6.8
5281224	Astaxanthin	−7.3	−7.3	−9.7	−8.9	−7.4	−7.3	−7.0	−7.9	−7.5
5281226	Bixin	−5.8	−7.1	−6.6	−7.5	−6.3	−5.6	−6.1	−5.9	−6.2
5281227	Canthaxanthin	−6.9	−8.1	−9.2	−8.7	−7.4	−7.5	−7.4	−7.4	−7.2
5281228	Capsanthin	−7.0	−9.4	−9.4	−9.1	−6.7	−6.9	−7.0	−6.7	−6.7
5281229	Capsarubin	−7.3	−9.1	−9.0	−9.1	−6.5	−7.1	−6.7	−6.4	−6.7
5281232	Crocetin	−5.2	−7.5	−6.5	−6.8	−6.0	−5.8	−5.7	−6.0	−5.5
5281233	Crocin	−8.0	−8.2	−9.5	−10.5	−6.7	−6.8	−7.6	−6.3	−6.4
5281235	Beta‐cryptoxanthin	−7.0	−9.2	−8.6	−8.7	−6.6	−7.5	−7.2	−7.1	−7.7
5281239	Fucoxanthin	−7.6	−8.5	−8.5	−9.0	−7.7	−7.1	−7.0	−7.1	−7.3
5281243	Lutein	−7.3	−8.0	−9.3	−8.5	−6.9	−7.1	−7.1	−6.8	−6.7
5281247	Neoxanthin	−7.3	−9.4	−9.5	−8.9	−7.6	−7.3	−6.8	−7.2	−7.0
6436722	Phytofluene	−4.8	−7.5	−6.2	−6.5	−4.1	−5.5	−5.3	−4.4	−5.1
492405	Favipiravir	−5.7	−5.9	−5.8	−6.7	−5.3	−5.4	−5.3	−5.5	−5.3
6321424	Ivermectin	−7.8	−7.3	−9.9	−10.6	−7.7	−7.5	−8.2	−7.2	−8.2
121304016	Remdesivir	−7.8	−8.0	−7.9	−8.5	−6.8	−6.9	−6.9	−7.1	−6.9
155903259	Paxlovid	−7.5	−9.0	−7.8	−9.1	−6.4	−6.7	−6.4	−5.8	−6.1
145996610	Molnupiravir	−6.7	−7.7	−7.6	−9.9	−6.0	−6.0	−6.0	−6.0	−5.8
	Native ligands	−7.0	−8.4	−7.0	−8.5	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA

Note: Native ligand for 6LU7: N3; Native ligand for 6W02: ADP ribose; Native ligand for 6ZSL: Z2327226104; Native ligand for 7BV2: Remdesivir. NA: Not applicable for S protein because its native ligand is human ACE2.