TABLE 3.

A summary of measures used

Variables	Measurement (Source)	Indicators	Scales/Coding
State responsiveness	SR Index (Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford)	Closing of schools	Ordinal scale (0–3) and binary for geographic scope (0–1)
		Closing of workplace
		Cancellation of public events
		Restriction on gatherings
		Closing of public transportation
		Staying at home Requirements
		Restrictions on internal movement
		Control on international travels
Citizen Community responsiveness	CR Index (Apple Mobility Trends report)	Amount of walking by citizen	Ratio
		Amount of driving by citizen	Ratio
Pandemic Growth	PG (World Health Organization)	Daily moving average of infected rates	Ratio
Control variables
Geographic features	PD (Food and Agriculture Organization and World Bank)	midyear population per square kilometres	Ratio
Health infrastructure	HB (World Health Organization)	Inpatient beds	Ratio
Tourism	InT (World Tourism Organization, Compendium of Tourism Statistics, Yearbook of Tourism Statistics)	Number of tourist arrivals by air or tourists staying at hotels	Ratio
	OuT (World Tourism Organization, Compendium of Tourism Statistics, Yearbook of Tourism Statistics)	Number of tourist departures
Age‐structure of population	% WP (World Bank estimates)	Proportion of dependents per 100 working‐age population	Ratio
	% YP (World Bank estimates)	Proportion of population between 0–14 years to total population
	% AP (World Bank estimates)	Proportion of population between 15–64 years to total population
Infection testing policies of country	TEST (Our World in Data)	Total number of tests per thousand people	Ratio