Table 2. Effect of natural compounds in MS .

Bio-active components	Study design	Type of MS/study models	Effect of bioactive component in MS	Ref.
Curcumin	Adult female Lewis rats (150-200 g)	Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) (animal model of MS)	Reduces the oxidative stress Enhances remyelination process	55
Cannabis	Randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind parallel group study of 160 MS patients	MS	Effective for spasticity associated with MS	56
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of 18 MS patients	Relapsing-remitting MS	Improves muscular metabolism to a greater extent in men than in women	57
Crocus sativus L.	8-week-old C57BL/6 mice	EAE	Inhibits oxidative stress and prohibits leukocyte infiltration to CNS	58
Ginger	Female 6- to-8-week age C57BL/6 mice	EAE	Reduces the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the CNS	59
Andrographis paniculata	Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 25 patients	Relapsing-remitting MS	Reduces the chronic fatigue	60
Dendropanaxmorbiferus	13.5 days pregnant females mice or pups	Oligodendrocytes (OLs) primary culture systems	Enhances oligodendrocytes development	61
Terminalia ferdinandiana	Antibacterial activity against the strains of A. baylyi and P. aeruginosa	Bacterial triggers of MS	Inhibits the growth of Acinetobacter baylyi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which triggers MS	62
Boswellia papyrifera	Clinical trial of 80 MS patients	Relapsing remitting MS	Improves the visual and spatial memory.	63
Scrophulariamegalantha	Nineteen C57BL/6 female mice- weighing 18-20g (7-to 9 week-age)	EAE	Down-regulates the production of IFN-γ and IL-17 and up-regulates the anti-inflammatory IL-10	64
Saffron	Adult male Wistar rats (200-250 g)	Ethidium bromide induced demyelination	Improves spatial learning memory and antioxidant enzyme activity	65
Resveratrol	Male C57Bl/6 mice (20-25 g)	Cuprizone induced demyelination	Improves mitochondrial function, remyelination, motor coordination reduces oxidative stress by enhances the expression of Olig1 gene and inhibited NF-κB signaling pathway	66
Resveratrol	Female SJL/J mice (6-week age)	EAE	Exhibits neuro-protective activity by the activation of SIRT1 mechanism	67
Cannabis	Randomized clinical trial of 144 MS patients	MS	Improves pain relief and muscle stiffness in MS patients	68
Curcumin	Rat embryonic hippocampal neuron- from 17-days pups	Primary hippocampal neuron cell culture study	Protects axon degradation by inhibiting microglial MyD88/p38 MAPK signaling and nitric oxide production	69