|
Material blend
|
Concentration
|
Species
|
Main findings
|
References
|
|
|
50-200 µg/mL |
S. aureus, B. subtilis, and S. typhimurium
|
MWNTs functionalized with -OH and -COOH functional group did not significantly induce antimicrobial activity on selected pathogens. |
46
|
|
|
25 µg/mL |
E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. aureus
|
MWNTs-COOH inactivated the bacterial cells by 30% for B. subtilis, 40% for E. coli, and 50% for S. aureus, respectively.
|
71
|
|
|
20 μg/mL |
S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa
|
MWNTs-COOH inactivated the bacterial cells by 26.9% for P. aeruginosa, 34.1% for E. coli, and 22.8% for S. aureus, respectively.
|
72
|
|
f-MWNTs with functional groups (-OH, -COOH, -NH2)
|
20 mg/20 mL |
S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa
|
MWNTs-COOH inactivated the bacterial cells by 26.8 ± 1.1 for P. aeruginosa, 20 ± 0.8 for E. coli, and 14.7 ± 0.5 for S. aureus, respectively.
|
73
|
|
|
20 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL |
E. coli, S. aureus, E. faecalis, L. acidophilus, and B. adolescentis
|
MWNTs-COOH and MWNTs-OH induced dose-dependent microbial inhibition against selected pathogens. |
21
|
|
|
1000 µg/mL |
V. parahaemolyticus
|
Antimicrobial activity of functionalized-MWNTs was time-dependent. Functionalized nanotubes that did not pierce into the cell membrane, rather wrapped around the surface of the pathogen. |
74
|
|
|
0–100 mg/mL |
Group A Streptococcus
|
Carboxylated-MWNTs functionalized with antibodies may have the potential to mitigate the bacterial infections of soft tissue. |
75
|
|
|
20 µg/mL – 100 µg/mL |
Staphylococcus aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and C. albicans
|
Microbial growth was inhibited by non-covalently dispersed CNTs and relied heavily on the treatment time and concentration. MWNTs demonstrated higher antimicrobial effect on selected pathogens. |
21
|
| Surfactant- functionalized MWNTs with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), sodium cholate (SC), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), triton X-100 (TX-100), dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) |
1.0, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 mg/mL |
S. mutans
|
Functionalized-MWNTs caused cell membrane rupture via direct contact. |
76
|
|
|
0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/mL |
E. coli
|
Functionalized-MWNTs penetrated the bacterial cell membrane due to electrostatic forces between bacterial membrane and surfactant. |
77
|
| AgNPs-coated MWNTs |
2-30 wt% |
E. coli
|
The cell membrane of bacteria damaged via direct contact. |
78
|
| f-MWNTs with lysine |
0.01875 to 0.6 mg/mL |
S. aureus, E. coli, S. agalactiae, S. typhimurium, S. dysgalactiae, and K. pneumoniae
|
Electrostatic adsorption presented between the bacterial membrane and positive charges lysine groups on MWNTs. |
79
|
| MWNTs functionalized with amphiphilic dendrimer poly(propyleneimine) |
25 µg/mL |
E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. aureus
|
MWNTs-nanocomposite inactivated the bacterial cells by 96.5% for S. aureus, 96.6% for B. subtilis, and 87% for E. coli, respectively.
|
71
|
| MWNTs functionalized with aromatic dendrimer polyamide |
20 μg/mL |
S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa
|
MWNTs-nanocomposite inactivated the bacterial cells by 35.5% for S. aureus, 65.2% for P. aeruginosa, and 72.6% for E. coli, respectively.
|
72
|
| Poly(amidoamine)-grafted MWNTs |
20 mg/20 mL |
S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa
|
MWNTs-nanocomposite complex inactivated the bacterial cells by 60 ± 1.8% for P. aeruginosa, 34.1 ± 1.2% for E. coli, and 22.8 ± 0.9% for S. aureus, respectively.
|
73
|
| Oxidized MWNTs/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite |
0-10% (w/w) |
P. aeruginosa
|
MWNTs-poly(vinyl alcohol) was able to reduce the viability of bacteria with increasing concentrations of nanotubes. |
49
|
| MWNTs-chitosan hydrogels |
25, 50, 100 mg/40 mL |
S. aureus, E. coli, and C. tropicalis
|
MWNTs-chitosan hydrogels exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and C. tropicalis than E. coli.
|
80
|
|
|
0.01%, 0.1% and 0.2% (w/w) |
E. coli, S. pneumoniae, S. racemosum, C. albicans, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, G. candidum, and A. fumigatus
|
MWNTs nanocomposite showed strong microbial inhibition rate against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. |
81
|
