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. 2021 Jul 3;12(3):449–465. doi: 10.34172/apb.2022.049

Table 3. Overview on the antimicrobial activity of functionalized MWCNTs-based nanocomposites in different studies .

Material blend Concentration Species Main findings References
50-200 µg/mL S. aureus, B. subtilis, and S. typhimurium MWNTs functionalized with -OH and -COOH functional group did not significantly induce antimicrobial activity on selected pathogens. 46
25 µg/mL E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. aureus MWNTs-COOH inactivated the bacterial cells by 30% for B. subtilis, 40% for E. coli, and 50% for S. aureus, respectively. 71
20 μg/mL S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa MWNTs-COOH inactivated the bacterial cells by 26.9% for P. aeruginosa, 34.1% for E. coli, and 22.8% for S. aureus, respectively. 72
f-MWNTs with functional groups (-OH, -COOH, -NH2) 20 mg/20 mL S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa MWNTs-COOH inactivated the bacterial cells by 26.8 ± 1.1 for P. aeruginosa, 20 ± 0.8 for E. coli, and 14.7 ± 0.5 for S. aureus, respectively. 73
20 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL E. coli, S. aureus, E. faecalis, L. acidophilus, and B. adolescentis MWNTs-COOH and MWNTs-OH induced dose-dependent microbial inhibition against selected pathogens. 21
1000 µg/mL V. parahaemolyticus Antimicrobial activity of functionalized-MWNTs was time-dependent. Functionalized nanotubes that did not pierce into the cell membrane, rather wrapped around the surface of the pathogen. 74
0–100 mg/mL Group A Streptococcus Carboxylated-MWNTs functionalized with antibodies may have the potential to mitigate the bacterial infections of soft tissue. 75
20 µg/mL – 100 µg/mL Staphylococcus aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and C. albicans Microbial growth was inhibited by non-covalently dispersed CNTs and relied heavily on the treatment time and concentration. MWNTs demonstrated higher antimicrobial effect on selected pathogens. 21
Surfactant- functionalized MWNTs with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), sodium cholate (SC), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), triton X-100 (TX-100), dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) 1.0, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 mg/mL S. mutans Functionalized-MWNTs caused cell membrane rupture via direct contact. 76
0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/mL E. coli Functionalized-MWNTs penetrated the bacterial cell membrane due to electrostatic forces between bacterial membrane and surfactant. 77
AgNPs-coated MWNTs 2-30 wt% E. coli The cell membrane of bacteria damaged via direct contact. 78
f-MWNTs with lysine 0.01875 to 0.6 mg/mL S. aureus, E. coli, S. agalactiae, S. typhimurium, S. dysgalactiae, and K. pneumoniae Electrostatic adsorption presented between the bacterial membrane and positive charges lysine groups on MWNTs. 79
MWNTs functionalized with amphiphilic dendrimer poly(propyleneimine) 25 µg/mL E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. aureus MWNTs-nanocomposite inactivated the bacterial cells by 96.5% for S. aureus, 96.6% for B. subtilis, and 87% for E. coli, respectively. 71
MWNTs functionalized with aromatic dendrimer polyamide 20 μg/mL S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa MWNTs-nanocomposite inactivated the bacterial cells by 35.5% for S. aureus, 65.2% for P. aeruginosa, and 72.6% for E. coli, respectively. 72
Poly(amidoamine)-grafted MWNTs 20 mg/20 mL S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa MWNTs-nanocomposite complex inactivated the bacterial cells by 60 ± 1.8% for P. aeruginosa, 34.1 ± 1.2% for E. coli, and 22.8 ± 0.9% for S. aureus, respectively. 73
Oxidized MWNTs/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite 0-10% (w/w) P. aeruginosa MWNTs-poly(vinyl alcohol) was able to reduce the viability of bacteria with increasing concentrations of nanotubes. 49
MWNTs-chitosan hydrogels 25, 50, 100 mg/40 mL S. aureus, E. coli, and C. tropicalis MWNTs-chitosan hydrogels exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and C. tropicalis than E. coli. 80
0.01%, 0.1% and 0.2% (w/w) E. coli, S. pneumoniae, S. racemosum, C. albicans, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, G. candidum, and A. fumigatus MWNTs nanocomposite showed strong microbial inhibition rate against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. 81