TABLE 3.
HRs of total incident prostate cancer at varying intakes of calcium variables in all participants (N = 28,737), comparing 90th with 10th percentiles of intake1
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium model | HR | 95% CI | P value | HR | 95% CI | P value |
| Total calcium: 1739 compared with 601 mg/d (FFQ values) | 1.09 | 0.94, 1.27 | 0.22 | 1.08 | 0.92, 1.28 | 0.34 |
| Supplemental calcium1,2: 1000 compared with 0 mg/d (FFQ values) | 1.06 | 0.96, 1.18 | 0.35 | 1.07 | 0.91, 1.26 | 0.40 |
| Dietary calcium1,3: 1216 compared with 560 mg/d (FFQ values) | 1.17 | 1.02, 1.34 | 0.030 | 1.14 | 0.98,1.31 | 0.082 |
| Nondairy calcium1,4: 905 compared with 359 mg/d (FFQ values) | 1.03 | 0.93, 1.14 | 0.61 | 1.16 | 0.94, 1.44 | 0.17 |
From Cox proportional hazard regression models. Model 1: adjusting for age (attained age as time variable) and race (black/nonblack). Model 2: adjusting for age (attained age as time variable), race (black/nonblack), education (up to high school graduate, trade school/some college/associate degree, bachelor degree or higher), moderate or vigorous exercise (none, ≤60 min/wk, >60 min/wk), family history of prostate cancer (yes, no), history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (yes, no), prostate cancer screening, treated for diabetes mellitus within the past year (yes, no), height, BMI (in kg/m2; <25, 25–29.9, 30–34.9, ≥35), height, dietary energy (kcal), and isoflavones, α-tocopherol equivalents, fiber, α-linolenic acid, and lycopene. All variables are energy adjusted. Dietary variables are log-transformed. Calcium models are not adjusted for dairy. P values result from Wald tests.
Adjusted for dietary calcium.
Adjusted for supplemental calcium.
Adjusted dairy and supplemental calcium.