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. 2021 Sep 9;52(9):3919–3932. doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-05271-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

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Fig. 2 — IL-17A is downregulated, at 20 weeks gestation in mothers of ASD children when compared to neurotypical controls. This remains after adjusting for confounding variables—folate intake at 15 weeks. All data are mean ± SEM; independent samples t-tests, analysed on a case vs control basis. * = p < 0.05. White bars represent controls, while orange bars represent cases (mothers of ASD affected offspring)