Table 2.

Cardiac geometry and function for the AGA, SGA and LGA groups

	AGA	(N = 48)	SGA	(N = 23)	LGA	(N = 19)	p
Geometry of ventricles
Left ventricular basal sphericity index (no unit)	2.1	± 0.2	2.2	± 0.2	2.1	± 0.2	0.185
Left ventricular mid-papillary sphericity index (no unit)	1.5	1.4; 1.5	1.5	1.3; 1.6	1.5	1.4; 1.6	0.432
Right ventricular base sphericity index (no unit)	1.9	± 0.2	2.0	± 0.2	1.9	± 0.2	0.202
Right ventricular mid-cavity sphericity index (no unit)	2.1	± 0.2	2.1	± 0.2	2.1	± 0.2	0.634
Diastolic function
Mitral E-wave peak velocity (cm/s)	87	80; 99	99*	90; 110	87	81; 98	0.013
Mitral A-wave peak velocity (cm/s)	40	32; 50	49**	42; 55	41	34; 53	0.014
Mitral E/A ratio (no unit)	2.3	1.8; 2.7	1.9	1.8; 2.2	2.1	1.8; 2.7	0.461
Septal E′-wave peak velocity (cm/s)	13	± 1	13	± 1	13	± 1	0.683
Septal E/E′ ratio (no unit)	6.6	6.0; 8.1	7.5*	7.0; 8.3	6.7	6.1; 7.0	0.007
Systolic function
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%)	58	± 3	57	± 4	58	± 3	0.408
Mitral annular plane systolic excursion (cm)	1.4	± 0.2	1.3*	± 0.2	1.5	± 0.2	0.003
Mitral annular plane systolic excursion, indexeda (no unit)	0.26	± 0.03	0.24	± 0.02	0.26	± 0.04	0.032
Right ventricular fractional area change (%)	44	40; 49	41	39; 44	42	40; 46	0.129
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (cm)	2.0	± 0.2	1.8*	± 0.2	2.0	± 0.19	0.028
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, indexeda (no unit)	0.40	± 0.05	0.38	± 0.05	0.39	± 0.06	0.333

Data are given as mean ± SD or median Q1; Q3. P correspond to ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test, as appropriate. Significant differences in post hoc tests (Dunnet or Mann–Whitney U) between SGA or LGA and AGA are indicated with * and **, corresponding to two-sided significance levels of < 0.05 and < 0.01, respectively. The significance level of Mann–Whitney U test is Bonferroni-corrected for two group comparisons. AGA appropriate for gestational age; LGA large for gestational age: SGA small for gestational age

^aDivided by corresponding ventricle length