TABLE 3.
Clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes in SOT recipients hospitalized due to COVID-19
| All SOT recipients, n = 45 | Unvaccinated, n = 16 (35.6%) | Vaccinated, n = 29 (64.4%) | p-value | |
| Age at time of first-positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test, median (IQR) | 55 (45–66) | 47 (33–66) | 56 (47–61) | 0.331 |
| Sex (male), n (%) | 32 (71.1%) | 7 (43.8%) | 25 (86.2%) | 0.005 |
| Time from transplantation to first-positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test in years, median (IQR) | 5.0 (2.0–8.0) | 4.5 (2.0–10.2) | 5.0 (3.0–8.0) | 0.962 |
| Transplant type, n (%) | ||||
| Kidney | 37 (82.2%) | 14 (87.5%) | 23 (79.3%) | 0.692 |
| Liver | 8 (17.8%) | 2 (12.5%) | 6 (20.7%) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 33 (73.3%) | 11 (68.8%) | 22 (75.9%) | 0.728 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 6 (13.3%) | 4 (25.0%) | 2 (6.9%) | 0.166 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 13 (28.9%) | 4 (25.0%) | 9 (31.0%) | 0.743 |
| Immunosuppressive treatment at time of first-positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test, n (%) | ||||
| No antimetabolites | 5 (11.1%) | 1 (6.2%) | 4 (13.8%) | 0.833 |
| Mycophenolate | 38 (84.4%) | 14 (87.5%) | 24 (82.8%) | |
| Azathioprine | 2 (4.4%) | 1 (6.2%) | 1 (3.4%) | |
| Calcineurin inhibitor (Ciclosporin, Tacrolimus) | 41 (91.1%) | 15 (93.8%) | 26 (89.7%) | 1.00 |
| mTOR inhibitor (Sirolimus, Everolimus) | 3 (6.7%) | 1 (6.2%) | 2 (6.9%) | 1.00 |
| Corticosteroids | 40 (88.9%) | 15 (93.8%) | 25 (86.2%) | 0.641 |
| Number of vaccine doses at time of first-positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 13 (28.9%) | 13 (81.2%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 3 (6.7%) | 3 (18.8%) | 0 (0%) | |
| 2 | 17 (37.8%) | 0 (0%) | 17 (58.6%) | |
| 3 | 12 (26.7%) | 0 (0%) | 12 (41.4%) | |
| SARS-CoV-2 varianta, n (%) | ||||
| Wild-type | 6 (26.1%) | 6 (75.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.001 |
| Alpha | 2 (8.7%) | 1 (12.5%) | 1 (6.7%) | |
| Delta | 15 (65.2%) | 1 (12.5%) | 14 (93.3%) | |
| Omicron | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| In-hospital treatment, n (%) | ||||
| Oxygen therapy | 19 (42.2%) | 8 (50.0%) | 11 (37.9%) | 0.639 |
| Remdesivir | 19 (42.2%) | 5 (31.2%) | 14 (48.3%) | 0.429 |
| Dexamethasone | 29 (64.4%) | 10 (62.5%) | 19 (65.5%) | 1.00 |
| Monoclonal antibody treatment with Sotrovimab | 16 (35.6%) | 1 (6.3%) | 15 (51.7%) | 0.003 |
| Monoclonal antibody treatment with REGN-COV2 | 7 (15.6%) | 2 (12.5%) | 5 (17.2%) | 1.00 |
| Convalescent plasma | 2 (4.4%) | 2 (12.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.121 |
| Hospital stay length, median (IQR) | 6 (4–12) | 12 (5–18) | 4 (3–7) | 0.058 |
| Admission to ICU, n (%) | 11 (24.4%) | 6 (37.5%) | 5 (17.2%) | 0.161 |
| Death within 30 days of positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test, n (%) | 5 (11.1%) | 3 (18.8%) | 2 (6.9%) | 0.330 |
Abbreviations: ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2.
a
Missing data from 22 infections (8 unvaccinated and 14 vaccinated).