Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population
| Healthy individuals (no steatosis) (n=85) | Healthy individuals (with steatosis) (n=73) | NASH (n=101) | Total (n=259) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Y) | 42.4±10.3 | 43.5±9.1 | 45.0±11.6 | 44.1±11.3 | 0.102 |
| Sex [M (%)] | 39 (45.8) | 36 (49.3) | 50 (49.5) | 125 (48.2) | 0.255 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4±4.3 | 26.3±6.7 | 27.1 ±5.3 | 26.4±5.9 | 0.091 |
| Laboratory | |||||
| ALT (U/L) | 26.3±11.2 | 45.4±13.3 | 55.7±10.0 | 46.4±12.6 | 0.022 |
| AST (U/L) | 22.0±12.1 | 37.1 ±15.7 | 40.6±13.1 | 38.4±14.5 | 0.059 |
| GGT (U/L) | 55.0±12.4 | 78.1 ±17.1 | 91.6±16.4 | 81.8±15.6 | 0.034 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.9±0.3 | 2.2±0.9 | 3.9±1.1 | 2.8±1.1 | 0.012 |
| Daily amount of coffee consumption | 0.015 | ||||
| None | 10 (11.7) | 41 (56.2) | 76 (75.4) | 127 (49.0) | |
| <1 cup | 12 (14.2) | 6 (8.2) | 10 (9.9) | 28 (10.9) | |
| 1-2 cup | 19 (22.4) | 13 (17.8) | 9 (8.9) | 41 (15.9) | |
| 3-4 cup | 21 (24.7) | 9 (12.4) | 3 (2.9) | 33 (12.6) | |
| >4 cup | 23 (27.0) | 4 (5.4) | 3 (2.9) | 30 (11.6) | |
| Duration and amount of coffee consumption | 0.028 | ||||
| Occasional coffee drinker | 19 (22.4) | 13 (17.8) | 14 (13.8) | 46 (17.8) | |
| Regular coffee drinker (<5 yr) | 23 (27.1) | 4 (5.4) | 6 (5.9) | 33 (12.8) | |
| Regular coffee drinker (>5 yr) | 33 (38.8) | 15 (20.6) | 5 (4.9) | 53 (20.4) | |
| Alcohol consumption | 0.178 | ||||
| None | 51 (60.0) | 52 (71.2) | 101 (100) | 204 (78.7) | |
| Mild | 29 (34.2) | 6 (8.4) | 0 | 35 (13.5) | |
| Moderate | 3(3.5) | 8 (10.9) | 0 | 11 (4.4) | |
| Heavy | 2 (2.3) | 7 (9.5) | 0 | 9 (3.42) |
NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; Y: Year; M: Male; BMI: Body mass index. Results expressed as number (%) or median (range) unless specified otherwise. P-value for comparison of all groups.