Table 4.
The effects of coffee type on liver enzymes and liver histology
| Turkish (n=31) | Granulated (n=6) | Filtered (n=2) | Combination (n=93) | Total (n=132) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Y) | 48.0±10.6 | 42.0±9.4 | 40.2±12.1 | 42.4±9.9 | 43.8±11.1 | 0.409 |
| Sex [M (%)] | 13 (41.9) | 3 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | 44 (47.3) | 61 (46.2) | 0.110 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2±4.1 | 25±4.6 | 27.1±5.0 | 26.8±6.4 | 26.1 ±5.8 | 0.206 |
| Liver enzymes | ||||||
| ALT (U/L) | 39.7±11.6 | 40.2±9.6 | 26.5±9.9 | 31.9±12.0 | 33.3±11.8 | 0.104 |
| AST (U/L) | 29.5±10.0 | 38.7±11.9 | 22.1±13.2 | 24±11.8 | 25.9±10.9 | 0.322 |
| Steatosis on liver USG | 15 (48.3) | 4(66.6) | 1 (50.0) | 49 (52.6) | 69/132 (52.2) | 0.304 |
| TE findings for Non-NASH | ||||||
| TE LSM (kPa) | 5.88±2.01 | 5.93±2.87 | 4.66± 2.44 | 5.62±2.09 | 5.84±2.06 | 0.102 |
| TE CAP (dB/m) | 202.91±80.5 | 206.15±66.9 | 208.053±55.2 | 198.18±93.9 | 201.04±90.3 | 0.092 |
| Liver histology for NASH | ||||||
| NAS score | 5.84± 0.34 | 5.83±0.75 | 5.76±0.87 | 5.73±0.81 | 5.78±0.95 | 0.198 |
| Fibrosis score | 2.18±0.38 | 1.98±0.76 | 1.87±0.11 | 1.62±0.17 | 1.95±0.41 | 0.055 |
Y: Year; M: Male; BMI: Body mass index; USG: Ultrasonography; TE: Transient elastography; LSM: Liver stiffness measure; CAP: Controlled attenuation parameter; NAS: NAFLD activity score. Results expressed as number (%) or median (range) unless specified otherwise. P-value for comparison of all groups.