TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics and CT findings at 1‐year follow‐up in COVID‐19 follow‐up studies
| Author | Country | Observational period | Cohort size | Age | Male, % | Severity, % (N) | Treatment for COVID‐19, % (N) | Follow‐up timing | Performed CT, N | Overall CT abnormalities, % (N) | GGO, % (N) | Fibrotic‐like changes, % (N) | Reticulation, % (N) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wu 8 | China | Feb–Mar 2020 | 83 | 60 [52–66] | 57 | Severe, 100 (83) |
Oseltamivir, 64 (53) Ribavirin, 100 (83) Ganciclovir, 51 (42) |
348 days | 83 | 24 (20) | 23 (19) | NA | 3.6 (3) |
| Han 9 | China | Dec 2019–Feb 2020 | 114 | 57 ± 10 | 55 |
Critical, 21 (24) Severe, 79 (90) |
NA | 363 [355–372] days | 62 | 73 (45) | 11 (7) | 56 (35) | 52 (32) |
| Chen 10 | China | Feb–Mar 2020 | 41 | 51 [38–59] | 59 |
Critical, 7.3 (3) Severe, 32 (13) Mild or moderate, 61 (25) |
Corticosteroids, 73 (30) | 1 year | 36 | 47 (17) | NA | NA | NA |
| Huang 11 | China | Jan–May 2020 | 1276 | 59 [49–67] | 53 |
Critical, 7.4 (94) Severe, 68 (864) Mild or moderate, 25 (318) |
Corticosteroids, 24 (307) Antivirals, 55 (705) Lopinavir‐ritonavir, 14 (173) IVIG, 20 (249) |
349 [337–361] days | 118 | 55 (65) | 46 (54) | NA | 3.4 (4) |
| Vijayakumar 20 | UK | Mar–Jun 2020 | 80 | 62 ± 11 | 66 |
Critical, 40 (32) Severe, 54 (43) Mild or moderate, 6.3 (5) |
NA | 364 [360–366] days | 32 | 84 (27) | NA | NA | NA |
| Pan 6 | China | Jan–Mar 2020 | 209 | 49 ± 13 | 45 |
Critical, 11 (22) Severe, 38 (80) Mild or moderate, 51 (107) |
NA | 1 year | 209 | 25 (53) | 24 (50) | NA | 13 (28) |
| Li 19 | China | Dec 2019–Apr 2020 | 141 | 59 [51–66] | 63 |
Critical, 26 (36) Unknown, 74 (105) |
Antivirals, 79 (111) Corticosteroids, 32 (45) |
351 [341–366] days | 25 | 52 (13) | 24 (6) | NA | 28 (7) |
| Shang 12 | China | Feb–Mar 2020 | 118 | 53 [44–61] | 41 |
Severe, 34 (40) Mild or moderate, 66 (78) |
NA | 349 [346–354] days | 99 | NA | 16 (16) | 18 (18) | NA |
| Zhao 13 | China | Jan–Feb 2020 | 94 | 48 | 57 |
Critical, 2.1 (2) Severe, 44 (41) Mild or moderate, 54 (51) |
Corticosteroids, 31 (29) IFN‐β, 82 (77) IVIG, 11 (10) |
366 [355–376] days | 94 | 71 (67) | 40 (38) | 8.5 (8) | 4.3 (4) |
| Zhan 14 | China | Jan–Mar 2020 | 121 | 49 [40–57] | 41 |
Critical, 0.8 (1) Severe, 15 (18) Mild or moderate, 84 (102) |
Antivirals, 89 (108) Corticosteroids, 14 (17) Hydroxychloroquine, 12 (14) |
348 [344–351] days | 121 | 8.3 (10) | NA | NA | NA |
| Liao 15 | China | Mar 2020 | 303 | 39 [33–48] | 19 |
Severe or critical, 63 (190) Mild or moderate, 37 (113) |
NA | 395 [382–408] days | 256 | 38 (96) | 25 (63) | 10 (26) | 0.8 (2) |
| Gamberini 16 | Italy | Feb–May 2020 | 178 | 64 [55–70] | 73 | Critical, 100 (178) | NA | 9–12 months | 37 | NA | 57 (21) | 70 (26) | NA |
| Bellan 17 | Italy | Mar–Jun 2020 | 200 | 62 [51–71] | 61 |
Critical, 35 (66) Severe, 41 (78) Mild or moderate, 29 (56) |
NA | 366 [363–369] days | 190 | 23 (44) | NA | NA | NA |
| Zhou 18 | China | Jan–Apr 2020 | 120 | 52 ± 11 | 41 |
Severe, 13 (16) Mild or moderate, 87 (104) |
NA | 315 [296–339] days | 97 | 57 (55) | 16 (16) | 18 (17) | NA |
| Zangrillo 21 | Italy | Feb–Apr 2020 | 56 | 56 ± 12 | 89 | Critical, 100 (56) |
Hydroxychloroquine, 96 (51) Tocilizumab, 15 (8) Antivirals, 92 (59) Corticosteroids, 30 (16) |
349 [343–356] days | 36 | NA | NA | 11 (4) | NA |
| Author | Interlobular septal thickening, % (N) | Bronchiectasis, % (N) | Consolidation, % (N) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wu 8 | 4.8 (4) | 1.2 (1) | NA |
| Han 9 | 45 (28) | 44 (27) | 9.7 (6) |
| Chen 10 | NA | NA | 0 (0) |
| Huang 11 | 4.2 (5) | NA | 0.8 (1) |
| Vijayakumar 20 | NA | NA | NA |
| Pan 6 | 8.1 (17) | 6.7 (14) | 1.4 (3) |
| Li 19 | 36 (9) | 24 (6) | 0 (0) |
| Shang 12 | NA | 15 (15) | NA |
| Zhao 13 | 11 (10) | NA | 2.1 (2) |
| Zhan 14 | NA | NA | NA |
| Liao 15 | 8.6 (22) | 1.6 (4) | 3.2 (8) |
| Gamberini 16 | NA | 27 (10) | 8.1 (3) |
| Bellan 17 | NA | NA | NA |
| Zhou 18 | NA | 14 (14) | NA |
| Zangrillo 21 | NA | NA | NA |
Note: Values are shown as mean ± SD or median [Q1–Q3]. Observational periods represent the time when patients were hospitalized for acute phase of COVID‐19.
Abbreviations: COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; CT, computed tomography; GGO, ground‐glass opacity; IFN, interferon; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; NA, not applicable.