Table 1.
Demographic and health characteristics of Korean adolescents in 2015-20201
| Characteristics | Total | Korean parents | Immigrant parents | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, n | 313,689 | 308,764 | 4,925 | |||
| Gender | 0.027 | |||||
| Men | 157,635 (50.2) | 155,237 (50.3) | 2,398 (48.7) | |||
| Women | 156,054 (49.7) | 153,527 (49.7) | 2,527 (51.3) | |||
| School grade | <0.001 | |||||
| Middle school | 161,866 (51.6) | 158,713 (51.4) | 3,153 (64.0) | |||
| High school | 151,823 (48.4) | 150,051 (48.6) | 1,772 (36.0) | |||
| Age, mean ± SD (yr) | 14.95±1.75 | 14.96±1.75 | 14.52±1.74 | |||
| Socioeconomic status2,3 | <0.001 | |||||
| High | 124,838 (39.8) | 123,601 (40.0) | 1,237 (25.1) | |||
| Middle | 148,137 (47.2) | 145,690 (47.2) | 2,447 (49.7) | |||
| Low | 40,714 (13.0) | 39,473 (12.6) | 1,241 (0.4) | |||
| Family cohabitation2 | <0.001 | |||||
| With family | 300,096 (95.7) | 295,555 (95.7) | 4,541 (92.2) | |||
| Apart from family | 13,593 (4.3) | 13,209 (4.3) | 384 (7.8) | |||
| Academic achievement2,3 | <0.001 | |||||
| High | 123,405 (39.3) | 121,898 (39.5) | 1,507 (30.6) | |||
| Middle | 91,381 (29.1) | 89,977 (29.1) | 1,404 (28.5) | |||
| Low | 98,903 (31.5) | 96,889 (30.9) | 2,014 (0.6) | |||
| Dietary behaviors4 | ||||||
| KYRBS 2015-2020, total | 313,689 | 308,764 (98.4) | 4,925 (1.6) | |||
| Skipping breakfast (≥5 days/wk) | - | 71,508 (23.2) | 1,243 (25.2) | 0.001 | ||
| Fruits (<1 times/wk) | - | 29,332 (9.5) | 581 (11.8) | <0.001 | ||
| Fast food (≥3 times/wk) | - | 59,035 (19.1) | 887 (18.0) | 0.049 | ||
| Soft drinks (≥3 times/wk) | - | 96,607 (31.3) | 1,611 (32.7) | 0.033 | ||
| Sweet drinks, uncarbonated (≥3 times/wk) | - | 139,524 (45.2) | 2,082 (42.3) | <0.001 | ||
| KYRBS 2015-2017, 2019, total | 218,009 | 214,948 (98.6) | 3,061 (1.4) | |||
| Caffeinated drinks (≥3 times/wk) | - | 12,179 (5.7) | 241 (7.9) | <0.001 | ||
| Vegetables (<1 times/wk) | - | 31,450 (14.6) | 437 (14.3) | 0.581 | ||
| Milk (<3 times/wk) | - | 9,296 (4.3) | 156 (5.1) | 0.037 | ||
| KYRBS 2015, 2017, total | 121,385 | 119,794 (98.7) | 1,591 (1.3) | |||
| Instant noodles (≥3 times/wk) | - | 28,583 (23.9) | 460 (28.9) | 0.001 | ||
| Snacks (≥3 times/wk) | - | 46,376 (38.7) | 678 (42.6) | <0.001 | ||
| KYRBS 2019-2020, total | 75,442 | 73,746 (97.7) | 1,696 (2.2) | |||
| Water (<3 times/day) | - | 57,350 (77.8) | 1,310 (77.2) | 0.606 | ||
Values are presented as number (%).
SD, standard deviation; KYRBS, Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey.
1
The sample merged survey data from 6 years between 2015 and 2020, each of which included about 60,000 participants.
2
The variable was obtained by a self-report questionnaire.
3
The variable was coded with 5 options from “high” to “low.” “High” and “moderately high” were classified as “high,” “middle” as “middle,” and “moderately low” and “low” as “low.”
4
Each dietary behavior was set according to the criteria of the food-based dietary recommendations for Korean adolescents [16].