TABLE 3.
Hemodynamics and a/b for Study A; the acute effects of JD on blood pressure and DN position
| BL | T5 | T10 | T20 | T30 | REC 5 | REC60 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CONT | JD | CONT | JD | CONT | JD | CONT | JD | CONT | JD | CONT | JD | CONT | JD | |
| Heart Rate (BPM) | 68.9 (2.3) | 69.5 (2.3) | 69.1 (2.0) | 68.7 (2.2) | 70.3 (2.5) | 69.0 (2.3) | 72.1 (2.7) | 71.1 (2.1) | 69.8 (2.5) | 69.1 (2.0) | 70.1 (2.7) | 69.6 (2.1) | 68.9 (2.9) | 69.8 (2.1) |
| BPs (mmHg) | 148 (4.1) | 148 (4.1) | 150 (4.1) | 131 (4.3) | 149 (4.1) | 131 (4.3) | 151 (4.1) | 130 (4.1)c | 152 (4.1) | 128 (3.7)c,a | 153 (4.1) | 127 (3.9)c,a | 153 (4.3) | 128 (3.5)c,a |
| BPd (mmHg) | 101 (3.9) | 101 (3.9) | 101 (3.9) | 89 (3.5) | 103 (3.9) | 86 (3.5) | 103 (3.9) | 86 (3.5) | 104 (4.1) | 84 (3.5)c | 105 (3.9) | 82 (3.3)c,a | 106 (3.9) | 84 (3.3)c,a |
| a/b | 2.2 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.1) | 2.2 (0.2) | 3.7 (0.3)a | 2.2 (0.2) | 4.2 (0.4)c,a | 2.2 (0.2) | 4.0 (0.4)c,a | 2.2 (0.2) | 4.4 (0.4)c,a | 2.2 (0.2) | 4.3 (0.4)c,a | 2.2 (0.2) | 4.1 (0.4)c,a |
| Percent Change Baseline (%) | ||||||||||||||
| BPs | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 (0.2) | −11.8 (0.8)c,a | 0.6 (0.2) | −12.1 (0.7)c,a | 1.7 (0.3) | −12.7 (0.3)c,a | 2.5 (0.4) | −13.4 (0.7)c,a | 2.8 (0.4)b | −14.3 (0.9)c,a | 3.4 (0.3)b | −13.7 (0.6)c,a |
| BPd | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.1 (0.2) | −12.1 (1.3)c,a | 1.3 (0.1) | −14.5 (1.4)c,a | 2.1 (0.4) | −17.7 (2.5)c,a | 2.9 (0.4) | −16.6 (1.4)c,a | 3.6 (0.4) | −18.6 (1.6)c,a | 4.2 (0.4) | −17.3 (1.5)c,a |
| a/b | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 (0.8) | 81.1 (14.9)c,a | 0.4 (1.3) | 102.8 (15.3)c,a | 1.1 (1.3) | 96.2 (14.4)c,a | 2.0 (1.2) | 109.1 (14.2)c,a | 1.0 (1.9) | 106.5 (13.4)c,a | 1.2 (1.1) | 98.4 (14.2)c,a |
Notes: Hemodynamic variables; heart rate (BPM), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BPs, BPd) and a/b. During the CONT (Control) condition, the subject is in seated posture with the feet on the JD, but the latter was not turned on. In the JD group, JD was used under the same conditions beginning after a baseline measurement (BL) for 30 min, T30 (Figure S1). Statistical comparisons between the JD and CONT groups were made at times 5, 10, 20, 30 min (T5, T10, T20, T30), and 5 and 60 min after discontinuation of JD or CONT (REC 5, REC 60). Data expressed as mean and standard error of the mean (±SEM). There was a statistically significant decrease in absolute and percentage changes compared to BL in both BPs, BPd and a significant increase in a / b (a p < 0.001 JD vs BL; b p <0.001 CONT vs BL; c p < 0.001 CONT vs JD).